Decarbonization goals have created a technological revolution that has enabled renewables—in particular, solar and wind generation—to be in the center of most electricity markets all over the world. Renewables are inherently characterized by high production variability combined with limited predictability and controllability, which have created significant flexibility challenges for power systems planning and operations all around the world. Renewables also produce electricity at an almost zero marginal cost. In the presence of high shares of renewables, restructured electricity markets based on setting locational marginal prices will also be challenged, as electricity prices can fall to zero or even negative values if abundant renewable generation is observed. Conversely, prices can rise quickly and may reach high figures if renewables are not producing and scarcity takes place. These effects can be exacerbated in the presence of transmission bottlenecks and high levels of distributed generation.

中文翻译：

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可再生能源的增长：零边际成本电力市场[客座社论]


脱碳目标引发了一场技术革命，使可再生能源（特别是太阳能和风力发电）成为全球大多数电力市场的中心。可再生能源的本质特征是产量波动性大，且可预测性和可控性有限，这给世界各地的电力系统规划和运营带来了巨大的灵活性挑战。可再生能源还以几乎为零的边际成本发电。在可再生能源占比较高的情况下，基于设定地区边际电价的重组电力市场也将受到挑战，因为如果观察到大量可再生能源发电，电价可能会降至零甚至负值。相反，如果可再生能源不生产并且出现稀缺，价格可能会迅速上涨并可能达到很高的数字。如果存在传输瓶颈和高水平的分布式发电，这些影响可能会加剧。