When a fault occurs in a computational system, it is of interest what effects it has. If it is known what can go wrong, it may also be known how to mitigate or correct for it. While complex, it is possible to obtain this information with rigorous fault injection in classical systems. This is also desirable for quantum systems, unfortunately it is much more difficult. The exponential information content of quantum systems makes this likely impossible for larger systems. However, analyses on smaller systems may provide valuable insight into the behavior of larger systems. This letter analyzes the effect of error on different parts of quantum programs.

中文翻译：

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量子错误的一天

当计算系统中发生故障时，它会产生什么影响很有趣。如果知道什么会出错，也可能知道如何减轻或纠正它。虽然复杂，但可以通过经典系统中的严格故障注入来获取此信息。这对于量子系统也是可取的，不幸的是它要困难得多。量子系统的指数信息内容使得这对于更大的系统来说可能是不可能的。然而，对较小系统的分析可能会提供对较大系统行为的宝贵见解。这封信分析了错误对量子程序不同部分的影响。