Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a metabolic organ essential for human health. Compelling evidences show a variety set of links between diets and gut microbial homeostasis. Changes in gut microbial flora would probably contribute to the development of certain diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, allergy, and psychiatric diseases. In addition to the composition of gut microbiota, the metabolites derived from gut microbiota have emerged as a pivotal regulator in diseases development. Since high-fat and high-protein diets substantially affect the gut microbial ecology and human health, the current review summarizes the gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), amino acids, and their derivatives and highlights the mechanisms underlying the host responses to these bioactive substances.

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肠道菌群衍生代谢产物在疾病发展中的作用

肠道菌群越来越被认为是人类健康必不可少的代谢器官。有力的证据表明饮食与肠道微生物体内平衡之间存在多种联系。肠道微生物菌群的变化可能会促进某些疾病的发展，例如糖尿病，心脏病，过敏和精神疾病。除肠道菌群的组成外，源自肠道菌群的代谢产物已成为疾病发展中的关键调节剂。由于高脂和高蛋白饮食会严重影响肠道微生物的生态学和人类健康，因此本综述总结了肠道微生物群衍生的代谢产物，例如短链脂肪酸（SCFA），氨基酸及其衍生物，并着重指出了其机理。宿主对这些生物活性物质的潜在反应。