Common teasel is a troublesome invasive weed in North and South America. Additional information on the efficacy of herbicide application and mowing at different growth stages will help in common teasel management. First, an outdoor pot experiment was performed to assess the effects of increasing application rates and combinations of glyphosate and 2,4-D amine when applied at the 4-leaf, rosette, and bolting stages. Second, field experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of time of cutting on invasive common teasel height, head number, and head length. Finally, germinability of seeds collected from naturally growing plants was determined to evaluate the feasibility of mowing invasive common teasel after flowering. Only glyphosate applied at 1.08 kg ae ha−1 at the 4-leaf stage provided adequate control (>90%). Although control was not satisfactory (<90%) when applying glyphosate at 2.16 kg ae ha−1 at the rosette and bolting stages, and 2,4-D at 1.75 kg ai ha−1 at 4-leaf stage, significant injury and biomass decline were observed. Glyphosate and 2,4-D combinations did not improve common teasel control compared with single applications of each. Cutting rosettes strongly reduced inflorescence production (34%–49%) and cutting flowering plants prevented total regrowth. Germination of seeds averaged 14% when harvested 10 d after flowering, and maximum seed germination (>90%) occurred 30 d after flowering. Glyphosate applied alone at the recommended commercial rate early in the growing season, together with cutting at the flowering stage, may be the most beneficial way of controlling invasive common teasel.

中文翻译：

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增加施用率和除草剂组合与普通茶（续断）不同生长阶段刈割的功效

普通茶毛是北美和南美的一种麻烦的侵入性杂草。有关在不同生长阶段施用除草剂和割草的功效的其他信息将有助于常见的茶树管理。首先，进行了一项户外盆栽试验，以评估在 4 叶、莲座和抽薹阶段施用草甘膦和 2,4-D 胺的施用率和组合的效果。其次，进行了田间试验，以评估切割时间对侵入性常见毛刺高度、头数和头长的影响。最后，测定从自然生长的植物中收集的种子的发芽力，以评估开花后修剪侵入性普通茶毛的可行性。仅以 1.08 kg ae ha 施用草甘膦-1在 4 叶阶段提供了足够的控制 (>90%)。虽然以 2.16 kg ae ha 施用草甘膦时控制不理想（<90%）-1在花环和螺栓阶段，2,4-D 在 1.75 kg ai ha-1在4叶期，观察到明显的伤害和生物量下降。与各自单独施用相比，草甘膦和 2,4-D 组合并没有改善常见的毛虱控制。切割玫瑰花结大大降低了花序产量（34%–49%），切割开花植物阻止了总再生。开花后 10 d 收获时种子发芽率平均为 14%，开花后 30 d 种子发芽率最高（>90%）。在生长季节早期以推荐的商业用量单独施用草甘膦，并在开花期进行切割，可能是控制侵入性普通毛毛虫的最有益方法。