Scientific evidence has shown that an increase in regular physical activity is associated with a decrease in the development of many types of cancer. Potential mechanisms that link physical activity to reduced cancer risk include a decrease in systemic inflammation, hyperinsulinemia, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), sex hormones, pro-inflammatory leptin and other obesity-related cytokines, and a significant increase in anti-inflammatory adiponectin levels. In addition, physical activity improves immune function and the composition and diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Moderate physical activity is important for cancer protection, but the most significant changes in the inflammatory profile are conferred by physical activity performed at higher intensities. Thus, there is a need for further investigation into the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity for the prevention of some types of cancer and the development of effective recommendations.

中文翻译：

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体力活动和癌症风险。实际知识和可能的生物学机制

科学证据表明，定期体育活动的增加与许多类型癌症的发展减少有关。将身体活动与降低癌症风险联系起来的潜在机制包括减少全身炎症、高胰岛素血症、胰岛素样生长因子 (IGF-I)、性激素、促炎瘦素和其他与肥胖相关的细胞因子，以及显着增加抗-炎性脂联素水平。此外，体育锻炼可以改善免疫功能以及胃肠道微生物群的组成和多样性。适度的体力活动对于癌症保护很重要，但炎症特征的最显着变化是由更高强度的体力活动赋予的。因此，需要进一步调查类型、强度、