The present paper aims to analyze the thermal convective heat transport and generated irreversibility of water-Cu-Al₂O₃ hybrid nanosuspension in an odd-shaped cavity. The side walls are adiabatic, and the internal and external borders of the enclosure are isothermally kept at high and low temperatures of T_hand T_c, respectively. The control equations based on conservation laws are formulated in dimensionless form and worked out employing the Galerkin finite element technique. The outcomes are demonstrated using streamlines, isothermal lines, heatlines, isolines of Bejan number, as well as the rate of generated entropy and the Nusselt number. Impacts of the Rayleigh number, the hybrid nanoparticles concentration (ϕ_hnf), the volume fraction of the Cu nanoparticles to ϕ_hnf ratio (ϕ_r), width ratio (WR) have been surveyed and discussed. The results show that, for all magnitudes of Rayleigh numbers, increasing nanoparticles concentration intensifies the rate of entropy generation. Moreover, for high Rayleigh numbers, increasing WR enhances the rate of heat transport.

中文翻译：

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Cu-Al2O3杂化纳米流体填充的异型腔中的自由对流传热和熵产生

本文旨在分析水-Cu-Al ₂ O ₃杂化纳米悬浮液在奇形腔中的热对流传热和产生的不可逆性。侧壁是绝热的，外壳的内部和外部边界等温地保持在T _h和T _c的高温和低温下， 分别。基于守恒律的控制方程以无量纲形式表示，并采用Galerkin有限元技术进行求解。使用流线，等温线，热线，Bejan数等值线以及所产生的熵率和Nusselt数来证明结果。瑞利数，杂化纳米粒子浓度（ϕ _hnf），铜纳米粒子的体积分数与ϕ _hnf之比（ϕ _r），宽度比（WR）的影响）进行了调查和讨论。结果表明，对于所有大小的瑞利数，增加的纳米粒子浓度都会增强熵产生的速率。此外，对于较高的瑞利数，增加WR可提高热传递速率。