ABSTRACT This study depicts various manifestations of what we call ‘actually existing’ right-wing populism. Based on empirical insights from eastern Germany, Spain, the UK and Ukraine, we explored how nationalist tendencies unfold in different contexts and what role agriculture and rural imageries play in this process. We analyse contextual factors (rural ‘emptiness’, socio-economic inequality, particularities of electoral systems, politics of Europeanization) and citizens’ perceptions of social reality (selective memory, subjective experiences of democracy, national redefinition, politics of emotions). We conclude that resistance and alternatives to right-wing populism should be context-specific, grounded in the social fabric and culture of the locale.

中文翻译：

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欧洲农村“实际存在”的右翼民粹主义：来自德国东部、西班牙、英国和乌克兰的见解

摘要 本研究描述了我们所谓的“实际存在的”右翼民粹主义的各种表现形式。基于来自德国东部、西班牙、英国和乌克兰的实证见解，我们探讨了民族主义倾向如何在不同背景下展开，以及农业和农村意象在此过程中所起的作用。我们分析背景因素（农村“空虚”、社会经济不平等、选举制度的特殊性、欧洲化政治）和公民对社会现实的看法（选择性记忆、民主的主观体验、国家重新定义、情感政治）。我们得出的结论是，右翼民粹主义的抵抗和替代方案应该因地而异，以当地的社会结构和文化为基础。