Abstract

The article provides a comparative framework for articulating assumptions made during the policy design process. That includes the framing of the policy issue in terms of the behavior of addressees, identifying problems that obstruct compliance, and choosing a tool with a distinctive change mechanism. Based on this discussion, a spectrum of six generic policy tools have been provided and illustrated with examples: (1) equipping policy subjects to perform behavior, (2) banning misbehavior, (3) dis/incentivizing addressees to behave in a certain way, (4) informing to raise the awareness about need for compliance, (5) boosting, and (6) nudging towards desired behavior.

摘要

本文提供了一个比较框架，用于阐明在政策设计过程中做出的假设。其中包括根据收件人的行为来制定政策问题，识别阻碍合规性的问题以及选择具有独特变更机制的工具。在此讨论的基础上，提供了六种通用策略工具，并通过示例进行了说明：（1）装备策略主体以执行行为；（2）禁止不当行为；（3）消除/激励收件人以某种方式进行行为； （4）通知以提高对合规性需求的认识，（5）促进，以及（6）淡化期望的行为。