Abstract

Policy-makers need to view the policy-taker as a multidimensional actor and they need input from scientific evidence. Furthermore, the design of policy instruments is influenced by factors that are inherent to policy processes. Competing interests of different political actors as stakeholders and institutional factors are influencing the search for tools. The article questions conceptually how diverging factors are impacting the way in which policy-makers handle the challenge of addressing policy-takers. The case of obesity policy in UK and the US shows that policy-makers’ embeddedness in political contexts leads to bypassing in order to avoid bearing the challenge directly.

摘要

政策制定者需要将决策者视为一个多维参与者，他们需要科学证据的帮助。此外，政策工具的设计受政策过程固有因素的影响。作为利益相关者和机构因素，不同政治角色的竞争利益正在影响对工具的寻求。文章从概念上质疑了分歧因素如何影响决策者应对挑战政策制定者的方式。英国和美国的肥胖政策案例表明，决策者在政治环境中的包容性导致绕开，从而避免直接承受挑战。