Abstract

This article explores how the recognition of the gender identity of trans people can have negative consequences on their reproductive health and rights. First, it argues that, while both the right to gender identity and the right to sexual and reproductive health are part of the indivisible core of human rights, in practice trans people are forced to choose between them. Understanding this scenario requires focusing on the eugenic dimensions of trans policies, even in states where the recognition of a gender identity other than that assigned at birth is not tied to surgical or hormonal compromises. The concept of “passive eugenics”, coined over twenty years ago by James Bowman, offers a valuable key in this respect. Second, the paper highlights some factors that hinder a successful approach to the reproductive health and rights of trans people. These factors include: the normative imageries about the reproductive capacities and desires of trans people, representations about pregnancy and “womanhood”, and the form taken by identity politics in contemporary feminist movements. The attention given as a priority (if not exclusively) to initiatives for the legalisation of voluntary abortion, understood as a right pertaining to (cis) women, offers a significant example of these difficulties. Finally, the paper advocates the adoption of a reproductive justice approach to work on sexual and reproductive health and rights, arguing that it has, among other virtues, that of challenging the binary matrix that characterises Western thought.

 抽象的

本文探讨了对跨性别者性别认同的认识如何对其生殖健康和权利产生负面影响。首先，它认为，虽然性别认同权和性与生殖健康权都是人权不可分割的核心的一部分，但实际上跨性别者被迫在两者之间做出选择。理解这种情况需要关注跨性别政策的优生维度，即使在那些对出生时指定的性别身份以外的性别认同的认可与手术或荷尔蒙妥协无关的州也是如此。詹姆斯·鲍曼二十多年前提出的“被动优生学”概念在这方面提供了一把宝贵的钥匙。其次，本文强调了阻碍成功实现跨性别者生殖健康和权利的一些因素。这些因素包括：关于跨性别者的生殖能力和欲望的规范形象、关于怀孕和“女性身份”的表征，以及当代女权主义运动中身份政治所采取的形式。作为优先事项（如果不是唯一）关注自愿堕胎合法化的倡议，被理解为与（独联体）妇女有关的权利，提供了这些困难的一个重要例子。最后，本文主张采用生殖正义方法来开展性健康和生殖健康及权利工作，认为它的优点之一是挑战西方思想的二元矩阵。