In January 1935, Randolph Churchill, the son of Winston, announced that he intended to stand in a by-election in what was considered the safe Tory seat of Liverpool Wavertree. Churchill, however, was not the official Conservative Party candidate: he was an ‘Independent Conservative’ standing on a platform of opposition to the Government of India Bill and the need for a larger air force. His campaign morphed into a crusade against the Liverpool Conservative Party and in particular its leader, Sir Thomas White. The Liverpool Conservative Party had, through a series of local ‘bosses’, controlled the city for a generation. During the inter-war period questions were raised about its methods, including overbearing caucus management and a pandering to sectarianism. Churchill’s campaign, which lasted between March and November 1935, brought these issues to the fore. In eleven eventful months, Churchill stood in two parliamentary elections, attempted to overthrow the central organisation, lost a libel case and alienated almost everyone in the city. Churchill claimed that the rejection of his campaign by the Liverpool Conservative Party amounted to him being ‘whiteballed’ – a reference to the local leader. This article is the first time these events have been covered in significant detail.

中文翻译：

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'Whiteballed'：伦道夫丘吉尔，保守联盟和利物浦保守党，1935

1935 年 1 月，温斯顿的儿子伦道夫·丘吉尔宣布他打算参加被认为是利物浦韦弗特里安全的保守党席位的补选。然而，丘吉尔并不是保守党的正式候选人：他是一个站在反对印度政府法案和需要更大空军的平台上的“独立保守党”。他的竞选活动演变成对利物浦保守党，尤其是其领导人托马斯·怀特爵士的讨伐。利物浦保守党通过一系列当地“老板”控制了这座城市整整一代人。在两次世界大战期间，人们对其方法提出了质疑，包括霸道的核心小组管理和迎合宗派主义。丘吉尔的竞选活动持续了 1935 年 3 月至 11 月之间，把这些问题推到了前台。在多事的 11 个月里，丘吉尔参加了两次议会选举，企图推翻中央组织，败诉诽谤案，疏远了这座城市的几乎所有人。丘吉尔声称利物浦保守党拒绝他的竞选活动相当于他被“白球化”——这是对当地领导人的提及。这篇文章是第一次详细介绍这些事件。