Abstract

In this study, a driving simulator experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of tunnel retro-reflective arch (TA) on driving behavior, through the employment and analysis of TAs with disparate spacing alternatives (no TAs, TAs with a spacing of 200 m, and TAs with a spacing of 300 m) and tunnel lengths (800 m, 1800 m, 3500 m, and 5800 m). The performances of a total of 32 drivers were collected and assessed. The tunnels and TAs were accurately replicated in the driving simulator. On the basis of the experimental data, four behavioral variables, namely, average speed, the standard deviation of speed, the standard deviation of acceleration, and lateral position were obtained. A series of linear mixed models with random effects were estimated to reveal the contributing factors of driving behavior subjected to TAs variation. The results demonstrate that drivers showed significantly higher consciousness of speed control and lower mental stress, coupled with less risky driving behavior, under the condition of TAs in long and extra-long tunnels. Furthermore, drivers are more comfortable subjected to TAs with a spacing of 300 m.

摘要

在这项研究中，通过使用和分析具有不同间距替代方案的 TA（无 TA、间距为 200 m 的 TA、间距为 300 m）和隧道长度（800 m、1800 m、3500 m 和 5800 m）的 TA。共收集和评估了 32 名车手的表现。在驾驶模拟器中准确地复制了隧道和 TA。在实验数据的基础上，获得了四个行为变量，即平均速度、速度标准偏差、加速度标准偏差和横向位置。估计了一系列具有随机效应的线性混合模型，以揭示受 TAs 变化影响的驾驶行为的影响因素。结果表明，在长隧道和超长隧道的TAs条件下，驾驶员的速度控制意识显着提高，精神压力降低，驾驶行为风险降低。此外，驾驶员在接受间距为 300 m 的 TA 时更加舒适。