ABSTRACT

The utilisation of data and technology in transportation has given rise to new forms of flexible, on-demand mobility and urban freight services. Such advances have also enabled the integration of multiple transportation modes and facilitated more predictable, environmentally-friendly, high-volume trips. While many of these technologies are now commonplace in higher income cities, they are less prevalent in lower income cities. This review identifies a) recent advances in technology and data that can facilitate multimodal urban travel, and b) the existing and potential application of these advances in low- and lower middle-income (LIC and LMIC) cities, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. This review examines peer-reviewed and grey literature and uses a multi-method approach with expert interviews. The review identifies open transportation data and data standards, global positioning systems, cashless fare payment, and blockchain as having high potential to facilitate integrated mobility in lower income contexts, and considers potential barriers to adopting and risks of utilising these technologies in LICs and LMICs. The review finds that, enabled by technology and data advances, LICs and LMICs could leapfrog the high car use and inefficient urban freight systems typical of higher income cities to more integrated, efficient, multimodal transport systems.

摘要

数据和技术在交通运输中的利用已经产生了新形式的灵活，按需移动性和城市货运服务。这样的进步也使多种运输方式的整合成为可能，并促进了更多可预测的，环境友好的，大批量的出行。尽管其中许多技术现在在高收入城市中很普遍，但在低收入城市中却不那么普遍。这项审查确定了a）可以促进多式联运城市旅行的技术和数据的最新进展，以及b）这些进展在低收入和中低收入（LIC和LMIC）城市中的现有和潜在应用，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲和亚洲。这篇综述检查了同行评议的灰色文献，并采用多方法的方法进行了专家访谈。该审查确定了开放的运输数据和数据标准，全球定位系统，无现金车票支付以及区块链在促进低收入环境下的综合交通方面具有很高的潜力，并考虑了在LIC和LMIC中采用这些技术的潜在障碍和风险。审查发现，在技术和数据进步的推动下，低收入国家和中低收入国家可将高收入国家典型的高汽车使用率和低效率的城市货运系统转变为更加综合，高效，多式联运的交通系统。