ABSTRACT

The cost associated with the waiting time that passengers incur in a public transit network is one of the main components of total transit travel cost. The cost of a unit of waiting time per passenger is higher than the cost of a unit of riding time or access time. While the assumption of half the headway as the mean waiting time has been widely used in waiting time cost estimation, it is not always a realistic assumption considering heterogeneous passengers and different types of transit services. Moreover, many studies considered the waiting times of passengers only at the origin, while waiting times can also be incurred at transfer points and the destination, the latter especially for passengers with required arrival time. After describing definitions for type of passengers and type of transit service and reasoning about proper assumptions for mean waiting time, we conducted a comprehensive survey of articles in transit operation and planning published in highly-ranked journals from 2010 to 2019 which is presented in the paper. We found that most of the reviewed articles on transit suffer from lack of clear assumptions regarding the type of service and the type of passenger, which restricts the validity of the assumed waiting time. To address these issues, we develop a comprehensive approach to determine the mean waiting time of travellers. Mean waiting time for possible combinations of heterogeneous types of passengers (who plan and who do not plan their trips) and different service type (schedule-based, frequency-based, high-frequency and low-frequency) are developed. In addition, we critically review the waiting time considered in previous studies for a single route case (uniform headway with reliable service). The proposed comprehensive approach could be utilised in transit studies to better model the transit use which subsequently results in better designs and more efficient operations.

摘要

与乘客在公共交通网络中的等待时间相关的成本是总运输旅行成本的主要组成部分之一。每位乘客等待时间单位的成本高于乘坐时间或进出时间单位的成本。虽然将一半车距作为平均等待时间的假设已广泛用于等待时间成本估算，但考虑到异构乘客和不同类型的过境服务，这并不总是现实的假设。此外，许多研究只考虑了乘客在始发地的等待时间，而等待时间也可能发生在中转站和目的地，后者对于有到达时间的乘客尤其如此。在描述了旅客类型和过境服务类型的定义以及对平均等待时间的适当假设的推理之后，我们对2010年至2019年发表在高级期刊上的过境操作和规划文章进行了全面调查，并在本文中进行了介绍。 。我们发现，大多数评论的过境文章都缺乏关于服务类型和乘客类型的明确假设，这限制了假定等待时间的有效性。为了解决这些问题，我们开发了一种综合方法来确定旅行者的平均等待时间。平均等待时间，包括各种类型的乘客（计划和不计划行程）和不同的服务类型（基于时间表，基于频率，高频和低频）。此外，我们严格审查了先前研究中针对单个路线情况（均匀的车速和可靠的服务）所考虑的等待时间。拟议的综合方法可用于过境研究中，以更好地模拟过境使用，从而产生更好的设计和更有效的运营。