ABSTRACT

This paper extends and contributes to the literature on tourism for transformative and inclusive growth from the corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective. Specifically, we examine the impact of CSR of multinational oil companies (MOCs) on empowerment of rural women in strengthening agriculture-tourism linkages in Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A total of 800 rural women were sampled across the region. Results from the use of a logit model indicates that rural women seldom participate in the global memorandum of understandings (GMoUs) interventions in agritourism value chain projects, due to the norms and culture of the rural communities. This implies that if the tradition of the people continues to hinder direct participation of the rural women from GMoUs programmes, achieving gender equality and cultural change would be limited in the region, and rural women would remain excluded from the economic benefits of agritourism when compared with the male counterparts. The finding suggests that, GMoU interventions engaging women smallholders in the tourism value chain can be important vehicle for advancing gender empowerment and fostering social inclusion. Also, cluster development boards (CDBs) should pay close attention to which extent the participation of rural women in the GMoUs projects may be limited by traditions.

摘要

本文从企业社会责任 (CSR) 的角度扩展并促进了旅游促进变革性和包容性增长的文献。具体而言，我们研究了跨国石油公司 (MOC) 的企业社会责任对赋予农村妇女权力以加强尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区农业与旅游联系的影响。该地区共抽取了 800 名农村妇女。使用 logit 模型的结果表明，由于农村社区的规范和文化，农村妇女很少参与农业旅游价值链项目的全球谅解备忘录 (GMoU) 干预。这意味着，如果人们的传统继续阻碍农村妇女直接参与 GMoUs 计划，该地区实现两性平等和文化变革的机会有限，与男性同行相比，农村妇女仍将被排除在农业旅游的经济利益之外。调查结果表明，让女性小农参与旅游价值链的 GMoU 干预措施可以成为推进性别赋权和促进社会包容的重要工具。此外，集群发展委员会 (CDB) 应密切关注农村妇女参与 GMoU 项目的程度可能会受到传统的限制。让女性小农参与旅游价值链的 GMoU 干预措施可以成为推进性别赋权和促进社会包容的重要工具。此外，集群发展委员会 (CDB) 应密切关注农村妇女参与 GMoU 项目的程度可能会受到传统的限制。让女性小农参与旅游价值链的 GMoU 干预措施可以成为推进性别赋权和促进社会包容的重要工具。此外，集群发展委员会 (CDB) 应密切关注农村妇女参与 GMoU 项目的程度可能会受到传统的限制。