ABSTRACT Environmental problems during the post-mining phase have generally been given less attention than those during the operational phase of a mine. We reviewed the existing knowledge of the threats posed by closed and abandoned mines to natural and human environments in Namibia and identified current limitations and constraints to mine rehabilitation. The exposure of ecosystems and communities to more than 250 abandoned mines is a significant hazard throughout the country. At the same time, mining is one of the largest sectors contributing to Namibia’s economy. The legal framework related to mine rehabilitation is fragmented and incomprehensive and has failed to protect the environment from adverse impacts of mining. Other constraints to successful planning and implementation of mine rehabilitation include lack of knowledge, skills, cooperation, and funding. A more holistic approach is needed to address complex challenges related to the abandoned mines. Improving the current situation would require better integration of mining and environmental legislation, training and recruitment of mine rehabilitation experts, monitoring the long-term effects of mining, international collaboration, and implementing a binding financing mechanism for mine rehabilitation.

中文翻译：

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纳米比亚已关闭和废弃的矿山：对环境影响和恢复制约因素的批判性审查

摘要 开采后阶段的环境问题通常不如矿山运营阶段的环境问题受到重视。我们审查了关于关闭和废弃矿山对纳米比亚自然和人类环境构成威胁的现有知识，并确定了当前矿山修复的局限性和制约因素。生态系统和社区暴露于 250 多个废弃矿山是全国的重大危害。同时，采矿业是对纳米比亚经济做出贡献的最大部门之一。与矿山恢复相关的法律框架支离破碎且不全面，未能保护环境免受采矿的不利影响。成功规划和实施矿山修复的其他制约因素包括缺乏知识、技能、合作和资金。需要采取更全面的方法来应对与废弃矿山相关的复杂挑战。改善当前状况需要更好地整合采矿和环境立法、培训和招聘矿山修复专家、监测采矿的长期影响、国际合作以及实施具有约束力的矿山修复融资机制。