ABSTRACT

Over the last decades, a huge body of literature discussed different kinds of intentional rule violations, such as strategic fouling, and their relation to concepts of performing sports (or playing games) and cheating. In this article I want to highlight a manifestation of intentional rule violations that have been neglected so far: Minor rule violations that are easy to detect and therefore are probably noticed by the umpire, but are (almost) never sanctioned. So-called ‘Trivial Offenses’ in sport. I seek to demonstrate how this issue should be seen as a starting point for rule changes as it neither is appropriate to enforce the rules to the letter of the law nor to stick with the current practice. Rather, taking an endogenous approach, I try to demonstrate how trivial offenses can serve to align the laws of a game and the respective part of the ethos of a game.

摘要

在过去的几十年中，大量文献讨论了各种故意违反规则的行为，例如战略污垢，以及它们与进行体育（或玩游戏）和作弊的概念的关系。在本文中，我想强调一种迄今为止被忽略的故意违反规则的表现形式：轻微违反规则很容易检测，因此可能被裁判员注意到，但（几乎）从未被批准。运动中的所谓“非凡犯罪”。我试图说明如何将这个问题视为规则变更的起点，因为既不强制执行法律条文，也不坚持现行做法。相反，采取内生的方法，