ABSTRACT

School refusal in adolescents is a growing issue and has been studied from several angles. Parental psychological control is a known risk factor for school refusal. Several individual factors have been linked to school refusal, including children’s emotion regulation, externalizing, and internalizing behaviours. The current study hypothesized that a child’s emotion regulation, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems mediate the relationship between parental factors and school refusal. Participants enrolled in a residential treatment programme (n=184, 62% female; M_age =15.26, SD=1.54) and their parents completed assessments as part of a pre-treatment protocol. The participants’ mean scores for school refusal types 1–4 were 2.08 (SD=1.78), 0.97 (SD=1.34), 2.14 (SD=1.68), and 2.91 (SD=1.46), respectively. Multiple-mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro (Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.) New York: The Guilford Press). Parental psychological control was related to expressive suppression (b=.24, p=.01) and externalizing problems (b=.36, p=.03), though it was unrelated to cognitive reappraisal and internalizing problems (p>.05). Each model of school refusal was significant, with r² ranging from .18 to .43 (p<.0001 for all models). Additionally, significant indirect effects were identified for all four models. Results demonstrated a comprehensive mediated model that accounted for up to 43% of the variance in school refusal. Future studies should seek to expand on the comprehensive approach of this model.

摘要

青少年拒绝上学是一个日益严重的问题，已经从多个角度进行了研究。父母的心理控制是拒学的一个已知风险因素。一些个人因素与拒绝上学有关，包括儿童的情绪调节、外化和内化行为。目前的研究假设，孩子的情绪调节、内化问题和外化问题在父母因素与拒学之间的关系中起中介作用。参加住院治疗计划的参与者（n = 184，62% 女性；M_年龄 =15.26，SD = 1.54）及其父母完成了评估，作为治疗前方案的一部分。参与者在 1-4 类拒绝学校的平均分数为 2.08（SD =1.78)、0.97 ( SD =1.34)、2.14 ( SD =1.68) 和 2.91 ( SD =1.46)。使用 PROCESS 宏（Hayes, AF (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.) New York: The Guilford Press）进行了多重调解分析。父母心理控制与表达抑制（b =.24，p =.01）和外化问题（b =.36，p =.03）有关，但与认知重评和内化问题无关（p >.05） . 每种拒绝学校的模型都是显着的，r = ²范围从 0.18 到 0.43（所有型号的p <.0001）。此外，所有四个模型都确定了显着的间接影响。结果显示了一个综合中介模型，该模型解释了高达 43% 的拒绝学校的变化。未来的研究应寻求扩展该模型的综合方法。