ABSTRACT Using both quantitative and qualitative research techniques, we investigate the effect of leaders’ style and personality on foreign policy. The study examines six Turkish leaders, Süleyman Demirel, Bülent Ecevit, Necmettin Erbakan, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Abdullah Gül, and Turgut Özal, and 18 foreign policy cases to answer the following questions: do Turkish leaders differ from each other in terms of their personality traits and styles?; how did their styles affect their foreign policy choices?; and how did they react to various domestic and international constraints they encountered in cases of foreign policy? Our findings suggest that: (a) in terms of their personality traits, Turkish leaders do not collectively fit in one category; (b) there are some stark differences among our six leaders, although some leaders are more similar to each other than others in terms of their personality traits and styles; (c) these differences were observable in the foreign policy decisions they made.

中文翻译：

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土耳其领导人及其外交政策决策风格：比较和多方法视角

摘要使用定量和定性研究技术，我们调查了领导人的风格和个性对外交政策的影响。该研究考察了 6 位土耳其领导人，Süleyman Demirel、Bülent Ecevit、Necmettin Erbakan、Recep Tayyip Erdoğan、Abdullah Gül 和 Turgut Özal，以及 18 个外交政策案例，以回答以下问题：土耳其领导人在个性方面是否存在差异？特点和风格？他们的风格如何影响他们的外交政策选择？他们如何应对在外交政策中遇到的各种国内和国际限制？我们的研究结果表明：(a) 就他们的个性特征而言，土耳其领导人不属于一个整体；(b) 我们的六位领导人之间存在一些明显差异，尽管有些领导者在个性特征和风格方面比其他领导者更相似；(c) 在他们做出的外交政策决定中可以观察到这些差异。