ABSTRACT

The influence of Sayyid Qutb’s writing on political Islam and Islamist groups cannot be overstated. In constructing his radical political theory, special attention is usually given to Qutb’s two binary concepts, hakimiyyah (usually translated as divine sovereignty) and jahiliyyah (the condition of any place or society where Allah is not held to be the sovereign being). This article interrogates the commonly accepted notion that hakimiyyah is equivalent to divine sovereignty. Instead, I argue that Qutb’s hakimiyyah is best understood as an Arendtian form of authority (or a bounded sovereignty), even though Qutb’s project is essentially foundational while Arendt’s is antifoundational. Thus, rather than appealing directly to the authority of sharia, Qutb bounds hakimiyyah to a historical founding moment in the city of Mecca, the Meccan Quran, and the ‘unique generation’ during this period. Examining hakimiyyah through the Arendtian lens of authority substitutes the logic of sovereignty with authority based on a voluntary command/obedience relationship. This approach unsettles the binary logic of sovereignty that is often latently integrated into the academic literature on Qutb’s political writing. Consequently, examining Qutb’s hakimiyyah through the Arendtian lens of authority generates a consistent and coherent reading of his political thinking, which is usually deemed inconsistent and paradoxical.****

摘要

赛义德·库特（Sayyid Qutb）的著作对政治伊斯兰和伊斯兰团体的影响不可低估。在构建他的激进政治理论时，通常会特别注意库特布的两个二元概念：hakimiyyah（通常翻译为神圣主权）和jahiliyyah（在任何地方或社会中，阿拉都不被视为主权者的情况）。本文质疑普遍接受的观念，即哈基米耶等同于神圣主权。取而代之的是，我认为，尽管库特的计划本质上是基础，而阿伦特的计划是反基础的，但最好的理解是库特的“哈基米耶”是阿伦特式的权威（或有限主权）。因此，库特比并没有直接吸引伊斯兰教法，而是将hakimiyyah限制在麦加古兰经麦加市的历史悠久的创始时刻，以及在此期间的“独特的一代”。通过阿伦迪亚权威的镜头来检验哈基米耶，将主权逻辑替换为基于自愿命令/服从关系的权威。这种方法动摇了主权的二元逻辑，该二元逻辑通常被潜在地整合到有关库特伯政治著作的学术文献中。因此，通过阿伦狄特的权威眼光审视库特布的“哈基米耶”，就产生了对其政治思想的一致和连贯的解读，这通常被认为是矛盾和矛盾的。这种方法动摇了主权的二元逻辑，该二元逻辑通常被潜在地整合到有关库特伯政治著作的学术文献中。因此，通过阿伦狄特的权威眼光审视库特布的“哈基米耶”，就产生了对其政治思想的一致和连贯的解读，这通常被认为是矛盾和矛盾的。这种方法动摇了主权的二元逻辑，该二元逻辑通常被潜在地整合到有关库特伯政治著作的学术文献中。因此，通过阿伦狄特的权威眼光审视库特布的“哈基米耶”，就产生了对其政治思想的一致和连贯的解读，这通常被认为是矛盾和矛盾的。