ABSTRACT Knowledge about landscapes is highly complex and it is important to clarify how that complexity is reflected in the knowledge claims that feed into a particular planning process. Thus, this paper addresses critical issues and challenges regarding the formation of knowledge about landscapes in spatial planning contexts, based on published landscape research and planning theory. The analysis is rooted in planning theorists’ discussion of various types of knowledge claims involved in spatial planning practices. Thinking in terms of knowledge, and discussing both the character of knowledge production and types of knowledge claims that will be included, is a useful approach for choosing and developing assessment methods. To aid such approaches, two key aspects of formation of knowledge about landscapes are addressed here. One is the trans-disciplinary challenge of capturing landscapes as a whole. The other is the normative element of knowledge pertaining to landscapes, including diverging moral and ethical perspectives.

中文翻译：

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认识景观：关于形成景观知识挑战的理论讨论

摘要 关于景观的知识非常复杂，重要的是要阐明这种复杂性如何反映在特定规划过程中的知识声明中。因此，本文基于已发表的景观研究和规划理论，解决了在空间规划背景下形成景观知识的关键问题和挑战。该分析植根于规划理论家对空间规划实践中涉及的各种类型的知识主张的讨论。从知识的角度思考，并讨论知识生产的特征和将包括的知识主张的类型，是选择和开发评估方法的有用方法。为了辅助这些方法，这里讨论了形成景观知识的两个关键方面。一个是捕捉整个景观的跨学科挑战。另一个是与景观有关的知识的规范要素，包括不同的道德和伦理观点。