ABSTRACT

Four longitudinal models are used to present a short review of research into adolescent psychosocial development. This review reveals adolescent development to proceed in a regular manner. This process of regular development suggests that it might be possible to uncover rules of intra-individual development. The aim of this paper is to propose a framework of such rules. The framework starts from three propositions of life-span psychology: (1) development has a direction; (2) development is multidirectional; (3) there is plasticity: within-person variability in development. The first proposition leads to the distinction between normative endpoints and transient states. The second proposition unfolds in the distinction between equifinality and multifinality and the notions of developmental neighbourhood effects, developmental continua and frequency of change. The third proposition shows changes in the prevalence of normative endpoints. Application of the framework to research into adolescent psychosocial development shows it to be useful to describe intra-individual development in a systematic manner.

摘要

四个纵向模型用于简要介绍青少年心理社会发展的研究。这篇评论揭示了青春期发育有规律地进行。这种有规律的发展过程表明，有可能揭示个体内部发展的规律。本文的目的是提出此类规则的框架。该框架从生命心理学的三个命题开始：（1）发展有方向；（2）发展是多向的；（3）有可塑性：人与人之间的发展差异。第一个命题导致规范端点和瞬态之间的区别。第二个命题体现在等式性和多重性之间的区别以及发展邻里效应的概念上，发展的连续性和变化的频率。第三个命题表明了规范性端点的流行率发生了变化。该框架在青少年心理社会发展研究中的应用表明，以系统的方式描述个体内部发展是有用的。