Under pressure to fight corruption, hold public officials accountable, and build trust with citizens, many governments pursue the quest for greater transparency. They publish data about their internal operations, externalize decision-making processes, establish digital inquiry lines to public officials, and employ other forms of transparency using digital means. Despite the presence of many transparency-enhancing digital tools, putting such tools together to achieve the desired level of digital transparency, to design entire government systems for digital transparency, remains challenging. Design principles and other design guides are lacking in this area. This article aims to fill this gap. We identify a set of barriers to digital transparency in government, define 16 design principles to overcome such barriers, and evaluate these principles using three case studies from different countries. Some principles apply to projects, others to systems, yet others to entire organizations. To achieve digital transparency, before building and deploying digital solutions, government organizations should build technological and institutional foundations and use such foundations to organize themselves for transparency. The proposed design principles can help develop and apply such foundations.

在打击腐败，要求公职人员负责并与公民建立信任的压力下，许多政府都在追求更大的透明度。他们发布有关内部运营的数据，将决策流程外部化，向公职人员建立数字化查询渠道，并使用数字化手段采用其他形式的透明度。尽管存在许多提高透明度的数字工具，但是将这些工具组合在一起以实现所需的数字透明度，设计整个政府系统以实现数字透明度仍然是充满挑战的。该领域缺少设计原则和其他设计指南。本文旨在填补这一空白。我们确定了政府数字透明度方面的一系列障碍，并定义了16条设计原则来克服这些障碍，并使用来自不同国家的三个案例研究来评估这些原则。一些原则适用于项目，其他原则适用于系统，另一些原则适用于整个组织。为了实现数字透明，在建立和部署数字解决方案之前，政府组织应建立技术和机构基础，并利用这些基础进行自身组织以实现透明。提出的设计原则可以帮助开发和应用此类基础。