The environmentalization of mining is similar but different in Colombia, Chile, and Peru, and adopting an embeddedness theory framework helps to explain this. Green state formation diffuses because the international political economy demands so: world society embeds the economy and pushes for environmental rights, which leads to trade rules. However, particular institutional and ecological contexts shape the development of distinct varieties of state greening. In particular, the 1970s and 1990s junctures were windows of opportunity for diverse green state formation processes, conditioned by their respective national contexts: there was an early start with decentralized features in Colombia, a late beginning and constrained state formation in Chile, and very late and mostly legal progress in Peru. Environmentalization is highly idiosyncratic, characterized by policy and law progressivism in Colombia, neoliberal technocraticism in Chile, and lawmaking with the lowest bureaucratic autonomy in Peru. Mining being so powerful, its environmental impacts so complex, and green state formation so restricted or minimal, the environmentalization of mining appears formal and discursive for the most part, especially in Peru's weak state.

哥伦比亚、智利和秘鲁的采矿环境化相似但不同，采用嵌入性理论框架有助于解释这一点。绿色国家形成的扩散是因为国际政治经济需要这样：世界社会嵌入经济并推动环境权利，这导致贸易规则。然而，特定的制度和生态环境塑造了不同类型的国家绿化的发展。特别是，1970 年代和 1990 年代的结合点是各种绿色国家形成过程的机会之窗，受各自国情的制约：哥伦比亚的分散特征起步较早，智利起步较晚且受制于主要是秘鲁的法律进步。环境化是非常特殊的，哥伦比亚的政策和法律进步主义，智利的新自由主义技术官僚主义，以及秘鲁官僚自治程度最低的立法。采矿业如此强大，其环境影响如此复杂，绿色国家的形成如此有限或极少，采矿业的环境化在大多数情况下显得正式和散漫，特别是在秘鲁的弱国。