This paper analyzes how the governance of non-renewable natural resources affects different dimensions of human security in local sites of extraction. We show how the analysis of human security can be embedded in a multi-scalar political ecology perspective to combine the strong suits of both approaches: a detailed, multi-dimensional assessment of impacts on the local scale with a critical transformative view on the interplay of power asymmetries mediating the distribution of costs and benefits across actors and scales. More specifically, we look at four of the most prominent ‘glocal’ governance instruments in extractive industries: participatory environmental licensing processes, indigenous prior consultation and free, prior and informed consent (FPIC), corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs and legal formalization initiatives. In theory, these governance initiatives should ensure local benefits and contribute to human security in three dimensions: (1) environmental security, (2) livelihood security and (3) safety and political security. However, our comparative analysis of ‘glocal’ governance institutions in oil and gas extraction in Bolivia and Kenya as well as in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Peru shows that these institutions are rather ineffective in protecting the human security of local communities.

本文分析了不可再生自然资源的治理如何影响当地开采地点的人类安全的不同维度。我们展示了如何将人类安全的分析嵌入多尺度政治生态学视角，以结合两种方法的强项：对当地规模影响的详细、多维评估，以及对相互影响的批判性变革观点。权力不对称在不同参与者和规模之间调节成本和收益的分配。更具体地说，我们着眼于采掘业中四种最突出的“全球本地化”治理工具：参与式环境许可程序、土著事先协商和自由、事先和知情同意 (FPIC)、企业社会责任 (CSR) 计划和法律正规化举措. 理论上，这些治理举措应确保地方利益并在三个方面促进人类安全：(1) 环境安全，(2) 生计安全和(3) 安全和政治安全。然而，我们对玻利维亚和肯尼亚的石油和天然气开采以及秘鲁的手工和小规模金矿 (ASGM) 的“全球本地”治理机构的比较分析表明，这些机构在保护当地人类安全方面相当无效。社区。