Purpose

The purpose of this study aims to empirically examine the corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) levels of conventional and Islamic banks in Malaysia. Additionally, as Malaysian banks have different shareholding patterns that are more highly concentrated than those in the developed economies, this study also investigates the impact of ownership concentration on CSRD in both types of banks.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs hand-collected corporate social responsibility (CSR) data from the annual and sustainability reports of 21 conventional banks and 16 Islamic banks in Malaysia during 2010–2017. The data are then run using the pooled ordinary least square (OLS) with robust standard errors and robust regressions models together with all possible factors determining CSRD in the banking sector.

Findings

This study discovers that Islamic banks disclose a higher level of total CSRD than their conventional counterparts after controlling a number of important determinants of CSRD. These results remain consistent for four different dimensions of CSRD, i.e. employees, communities, environment and products and services. In relation to the impact of ownership concentration on CSRD level, the results show that high ownership concentration reduces the level of CSRD by Malaysian banks. However, in an additional interaction test, the result exhibits a complementary relationship between Islamic banks and ownership concentration in influencing CSRD level.

Research limitations/implications

This study finds that the principle of Islamic accountability has been internalised by Islamic banks, and shaped them to put equal emphasis on the disclosure of CSR practices and the financial information disclosure.

Practical implications

It is recommended for all banks to ensure the integration of a more comprehensive ethical system, such as theological ethical values in every aspect of their business activities. The findings from this study also highlight the necessity for the central bank to increase their monitoring role, especially towards banks with a more concentrated ownership structure by limiting the size of shareholdings by any particular types of owners.

Originality/value

Only a few studies have compared CSR practices between these two types of banks, and most of them are descriptive and qualitative in nature. This study is the first that uses a robust model with a high R-squared value, which control for all possible factors determining CSRD in the banking sector.

中文翻译：

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银行业的企业社会责任披露（CSRD）：对马来西亚传统银行和伊斯兰银行的研究

目的

本研究的目的旨在实证检验马来西亚传统银行和伊斯兰银行的企业社会责任披露 (CSRD) 水平。此外，由于马来西亚银行拥有不同的股权模式，并且比发达经济体的更高度集中，本研究还调查了所有权集中度对两类银行CSRD的影响。

设计/方法/方法

本研究采用了从 2010 年至 2017 年马来西亚 21 家传统银行和 16 家伊斯兰银行的年度和可持续发展报告中手工收集的企业社会责任 (CSR) 数据。然后使用具有稳健标准误差和稳健回归模型的合并普通最小二乘法 (OLS) 以及确定银行业 CSRD 的所有可能因素来运行数据。

发现

本研究发现，在控制了CSRD的一些重要决定因素后，伊斯兰银行披露的CSRD总量高于传统银行。这些结果对于CSRD 的四个不同维度保持一致，即员工、社区、环境以及产品和服务。关于所有权集中度对CSRD水平的影响，结果表明，高所有权集中度降低了马来西亚银行的CSRD水平。然而，在额外的交互测试中，结果显示伊斯兰银行和所有权集中度在影响 CSRD 水平方面存在互补关系。

研究限制/影响

本研究发现，伊斯兰问责原则已被伊斯兰银行内化，并塑造它们将企业社会责任实践的披露与财务信息披露并重。

实际影响

建议所有银行确保在其业务活动的各个方面整合更全面的道德体系，例如神学道德价值观。这项研究的结果还强调了中央银行加强其监督作用的必要性，特别是通过限制任何特定类型所有者的持股规模，对所有权结构更加集中的银行。

原创性/价值

只有少数研究比较了这两种银行的 CSR 实践，而且大多数研究本质上是描述性和定性的。本研究首次使用具有高R平方值的稳健模型，该模型控制了银行业中所有可能决定 CSRD 的因素。