European empires experienced widespread anti-colonial rebellions during the First World War. These rebellions occurred for many different reasons, reflecting the diversity of context and history across colonial societies in Africa and Asia. Religion naturally played a strong role in most of the anti-colonial rebellions during the First World War, most prominently Islam. This article looks at the role Islam played in two key anti-colonial rebellions in North and West Africa: the rebellions in Batna, Algeria, and the Kaocen War in Niger, respectively. The article examines how Islam was instrumentalized by rebels, imperial collaborators, and French officers and administrators to further their own ends. Rebels called upon Islam to help inspire anti-colonial movements, to bind together diverse populations, and to contextualize their actions in wider socio-political conflicts. Imperial collaborators likewise called on religious authority to assist with European imperial recruitment efforts. French officers and administrators used Islam both as a justification and a target for collective punishment and repression after the rebellions were put down from 1917. This repression is still under-studied in a period usually portrayed as evidencing broad imperial harmony, rather than violent extraction and oppression.

第一次世界大战期间，欧洲帝国经历了广泛的反殖民起义。这些叛乱的发生有许多不同的原因，反映出非洲和亚洲整个殖民地社会背景和历史的多样性。在第一次世界大战期间的大多数反殖民主义叛乱中，宗教自然扮演着重要角色，最主要的是伊斯兰教。本文着眼于伊斯兰教在北非和西非的两个主要反殖民主义叛乱中所起的作用：阿尔及利亚的巴特纳叛乱和尼日尔的Kaocen战争。本文探讨了反叛者，帝国合作者以及法国军官和管理人员如何利用伊斯兰教来达到自己的目的。叛乱分子呼吁伊斯兰教激发反殖民运动，将各种不同的人口绑在一起，并将他们在更广泛的社会政治冲突中的行动情境化。帝国合作者同样呼吁宗教权威协助欧洲帝国招募工作。自1917年叛乱以来，法国军官和行政人员就将伊斯兰教既作为理由，又作为集体惩罚和镇压的目标。在通常被描绘为证明广泛的帝国和解而不是暴力提取和镇压的时期，这种镇压仍未得到充分研究。压迫。