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Digital De-Citizenship: The Rise of the Digital Denizen in Bahrain
International Journal of Middle East Studies ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1017/s0020743820001038
Marc Owen Jones

Revolutions seldom involve more than one percent of the population. However, in Bahrain, a small island nation with a population of around 570,000, twenty percent of the population took to the streets in February 2011 to demand greater democratic reform, making it “proportionally one of the greatest shows of ‘people power’ in modern history.” The regime's response was disproportionally brutal. Saudi-dominated troops from the Gulf Cooperation Council Peninsula Shield Force were “invited to” or “invaded” Bahrain, depending on who is telling the story. Under cover of the Saudi military, Bahrain's security forces killed dozens of civilians, torturing, maiming, and raping many others. The arsenal of repressive techniques was exhaustive. Belonging also was used as a tool of repression, with many being stripped of their Bahraini citizenship on spurious, terror-related charges.

中文翻译:

数字化去公民化:巴林数字化居民的兴起

革命很少涉及超过百分之一的人口。然而,在人口约 570,000 的小岛国巴林,2011 年 2 月有 20% 的人口走上街头,要求进行更大的民主改革,使其“按比例成为现代‘人民力量’最伟大的展示之一。历史。” 该政权的反应异常残酷。来自海湾合作委员会半岛盾牌部队的沙特主导的部队被“邀请”或“入侵”巴林,这取决于谁在讲述这个故事。在沙特军队的掩护下,巴林安全部队杀害了数十名平民,折磨、致残和强奸了许多其他人。镇压技术的武器库是详尽无遗的。归属感也被用作压抑的工具,
更新日期:2020-11-01
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