The article argues that Poland’s mainstream national historical narrative, at least as far as the last two centuries of history of the country is concerned, is full of ‘traumatic’ motives which are regularly used and developed in diverse current political and intellectual contexts. Polish history is imagined to a large extent as an endless chain of 200 years of suffering, caused, among other things, by occupations, wars and exploitation, which are usually seen as not fully recognized in other countries, in particular in the West. The article attempts first of all to explain this specific nature of Poland’s historical identity by the privileged role of the intelligentsia, understood as a specific type of elite based on possession and control of cultural capital. It reconstructs the historical rise of the intelligentsia and its impact on the mainstream narrative in question, pointing to a selective choice of potential ‘traumas’ which are assigned a national status. They may be seen as tools to build positions in what can be called the Polish ‘field of power’, to use the notion coined by Pierre Bourdieu. The particular configuration and recent history of the field of power in Poland is reconstructed in order to explain different strategies of what can be called the social and political construction of historical traumas in Poland.

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历史创伤的社会建构：波兰在知识分子主导的政体中使用历史的经验

文章认为，波兰的主流民族历史叙事，至少就该国过去两个世纪的历史而言，充满了“创伤性”动机，这些动机在当前不同的政治和知识背景下经常使用和发展。波兰历史在很大程度上被想象为 200 年无休止的苦难链，其中包括由占领、战争和剥削造成的，而这些在其他国家，尤其是西方国家，通常被视为没有得到充分承认。本文首先试图通过知识分子的特权角色来解释波兰历史身份的这种特殊性质，知识分子被理解为一种基于对文化资本的拥有和控制的特殊类型的精英。它重构了知识分子的历史崛起及其对所讨论的主流叙事的影响，指出了对被赋予国家地位的潜在“创伤”的选择性选择。使用皮埃尔·布迪厄 (Pierre Bourdieu) 创造的概念，它们可以被视为在所谓的波兰“权力领域”中建立地位的工具。为了解释波兰历史创伤的社会和政治建构的不同策略，对波兰权力领域的特殊配置和近期历史进行了重构。