After a heyday in the 1970s and 1980s, probability sampling became much less visible in archaeological literature as it came under assault from the post-processual critique and the widespread adoption of “full-coverage survey.” After 1990, published discussion of probability sampling rarely strayed from sample-size issues in analyses of artifacts along with plant and animal remains, and most textbooks and archaeological training limited sampling to regional survey and did little to equip new generations of archaeologists with this critical aspect of research design. A review of the last 20 years of archaeological literature indicates a need for deeper and broader archaeological training in sampling; more precise usage of terms such as “sample”; use of randomization as a control in experimental design; and more attention to cluster sampling, stratified sampling, and nonspatial sampling in both training and research.

中文翻译：

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采样致死？考古学中概率抽样的兴衰

在 1970 年代和 1980 年代的鼎盛时期之后，概率抽样在考古文献中变得不那么明显，因为它受到后处理批评和“全覆盖调查”的广泛采用的攻击。1990 年之后，已发表的关于概率抽样的讨论很少偏离人工制品以及动植物遗骸分析中的样本量问题，而且大多数教科书和考古培训都将抽样限制在区域调查范围内，并且几乎没有让新一代考古学家掌握这一关键方面研究设计。对过去 20 年考古文献的回顾表明，需要进行更深入、更广泛的采样考古培训；更准确地使用诸如“样本”之类的术语；在实验设计中使用随机化作为对照；并且更加关注整群抽样，