Soil aeration is increasingly being used on haylands in the northeastern United States as a water quality best management practice to decrease runoff volumes and flow rates, and the associated export of the nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). However, there is a lack of data on the effects of soil aeration on field-scale hydrologic and nutrient fluxes in cold-climate regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil aeration prior to dairy manure application on edge-of-field hydrology, water quality, and P fluxes in haylands in Vermont, United States, during both precipitation and snowmelt-induced runoff events. Edge-of-field water quality monitoring techniques were used to continuously measure the losses of surface runoff and the associated export of sediment and nutrients year-round from 2012 to 2018. Additionally, passive-capillary lysimeter systems were used to measure the subsurface losses of P. Aeration reduced total suspended solids, total P, total N, and total dissolved N mean runoff-event concentrations by 22%, 32%, 25%, and 34%, respectively. Event mean surface runoff volume increased by 16% due to aeration, resulting in no significant reductions in nutrient load exports during nonwinter runoff events. However, total P and total dissolved P loads were significantly reduced during large winter thaw events, often occurring months after aeration took place. Potential increases in surface and subsurface hydrologic flows that accompany nutrient export reductions should be considered before implementation of soil aeration on haylands with high runoff producing soils in cold climate regions.

中文翻译：

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施肥前土壤通气对寒冷气候干草原农业生态系统田边水文和养分通量的影响

土壤曝气越来越多地用于美国东北部的干草地，作为水质最佳管理实践，以减少径流量和流速，以及相关的氮 (N) 和磷 (P) 养分输出。然而，缺乏关于土壤曝气对寒冷气候地区田间尺度水文和养分通量影响的数据。本研究的目的是在降水和融雪引起的径流事件期间，评估施肥前土壤通气对美国佛蒙特州干草地的田边水文、水质和 P 通量的影响。从 2012 年到 2018 年，野外水质监测技术用于连续测量地表径流损失以及相关的沉积物和养分输出。此外，被动毛细管蒸渗仪系统用于测量磷的地下损失。曝气使总悬浮固体、总磷、总氮和总溶解氮的平均径流事件浓度降低了 22%、32%、25% 和 34%，分别。由于曝气，事件平均地表径流量增加了 16%，导致非冬季径流事件期间养分负荷输出没有显着减少。然而，在大型冬季解冻事件中，总磷和总溶解磷负荷显着降低，通常发生在曝气后几个月。在寒冷气候地区高产径流土壤的干草地上实施土壤曝气之前，应考虑伴随养分出口减少的地表和地下水文流量的潜在增加。