ABSTRACT

Pb contents (13-53 mg kg⁻¹) and pathological changes in almost complete cow skeletons discovered in graves adjacent to Pb and Ag smelting furnaces active in the Silesian-Cracovian region, in the mid-12th century are reported in the article. In addition to Pb, elements such as Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cd, and Ba characteristic of Zn-Pb-Ag ores in the region were identified. Bone fragments and the soil in which they had lain for almost 800 years were examined by SEM, EDS. XRD was used to identify minerals present in soils. The enrichment of the bones with Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, and Cd is associated with the remobilisation of elements from soil contaminated with primary and synthetic phase-rich metals. In biotic material (e.g. bones) taken from soils heavily contaminated by mining or metallurgical processes, it is not possible to determine whether a given metal was even partly incorporated into the bone structure during life using the above methods. However, the importance of comprehensive geochemical and submicroscopic data for any inference based on the results of chemical tests on biological material is clearly indicated.

摘要

铅含量（13-53 mg kg ^-1本文报道了在12世纪中叶在西里西亚-克拉科维亚地区活跃的铅和银熔炼炉附近的坟墓中发现的几乎完整的牛骨骼的病理变化。除了铅以外，还确定了该地区Zn-Pb-Ag矿石的Zn，Cd，Fe，Mn，Cd和Ba等元素。用SEM，EDS检查骨碎片和它们沉积了近800年的土壤。XRD用于鉴定土壤中存在的矿物质。锌，铅，铁，锰和镉对骨骼的富集与元素被从富含初级和合成富集金属的土壤中迁移有关。在从采矿或冶金过程严重污染的土壤中获取的生物材料（例如骨头）中，使用上述方法无法确定给定金属在生命过程中是否甚至部分地掺入了骨骼结构中。但是，清楚表明了基于任何生物材料化学测试结果得出的任何推断的综合地球化学和亚显微数据的重要性。