Abstract

Purpose

Amphibians are facing an unprecedented level of population declines worldwide. The causes run the gamut from habit loss, succumbing to opportunistic pathogen infections to vulnerability to toxic pollutants and ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation exposure. Anthropogenic activities including Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disasters and radioactive waste leakage into the environment raise the background radiation levels. Their immediate and chronic effects on amphibian populations are still being studied. However, the literature on environmental radiation effects on amphibian health still requires a lot more work. Laboratory and field works need to be conducted hand in hand in order to make informative and conclusive analyses to distinguish bad from good and harm from risk or to argue for or against the linear no-threshold model in radioprotection programs. Amphibian cell lines can help seek answers to important questions pertaining environmental radiobiology and amphibian health wherever they can suitably and effectively. The purpose of this work is to show that amphibian cell lines can ‘rescue’ important knowledge gaps in the literature, especially in the low-dose radiation mechanisms.

Conclusions

Presently, there are 142 amphibian cell lines developed from 6 urodelans and 17 anurans. Amphibian cell lines can help expand and enrich the limited literature on environmental radiation effects on amphibians. They can be used to study mechanisms of radiation actions and discover reliable biomarkers for low-dose exposure, that can be used in environmental radiation monitoring and radioprotection programs. They can be used to determine effects of co-exposure of IR and other stressors in the environment on amphibian health. They represent an ethical choice for amphibian conservation efforts in the current global amphibian declines. Lessons learned from cellular data can be useful guides to gain a better picture of effects occurring at the amphibian population and ecosystem levels.

中文翻译：

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两栖动物的环境放射生物学–使用细胞系来填补知识空白

摘要

目的

两栖动物正面临世界范围内前所未有的人口下降水平。原因从习惯的丧失，到机会性病原体感染，对有毒污染物和紫外线（UV）-B辐射的脆弱性的影响，范围之广。包括切尔诺贝利核事故和福岛核事故在内的人为活动以及放射性废物向环境的泄漏提高了本底辐射水平。它们对两栖动物种群的直接和长期影响仍在研究中。但是，有关环境辐射对两栖动物健康的影响的文献仍需要做大量工作。需要携手进行实验室和野外工作，以便进行有益的，结论性的分析，以区分不良与善恶，风险与危害，或者主张或反对放射防护计划中的线性无阈值模型。两栖细胞系可以在适当和有效的地方帮助寻找有关环境放射生物学和两栖动物健康的重要问题的答案。这项工作的目的是表明两栖细胞系可以“弥补”文献中的重要知识空白，尤其是在低剂量辐射机制中。

结论

目前，有142个由6个urodelans和17个aurans发育而成的两栖细胞系。两栖细胞系可以帮助扩大和丰富有关两栖动物的环境辐射效应的文献。它们可用于研究辐射作用的机理并发现低剂量暴露的可靠生物标记，可用于环境辐射监测和辐射防护计划。它们可用于确定环境中IR和其他压力源的共同暴露对两栖动物健康的影响。在当前全球两栖动物数量下降的情况下，它们代表着两栖动物保护工作的道德选择。从细胞数据中学到的经验教训可以作为有用的指南，以便更好地了解两栖动物种群和生态系统水平上发生的影响。