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Elevation and aspect determine the differences in soil properties and plant species diversity on Himalayan mountain summits
Ecological Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12202 Maroof Hamid 1 , Anzar Ahmad Khuroo 1 , Akhtar Hussain Malik 1 , Rameez Ahmad 1 , Chandra Prakash Singh 2
Ecological Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12202 Maroof Hamid 1 , Anzar Ahmad Khuroo 1 , Akhtar Hussain Malik 1 , Rameez Ahmad 1 , Chandra Prakash Singh 2
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Although vegetation has been the focus of recent studies on mountain summits, little is known about smaller‐scale spatial patterns of soil physico‐chemical properties. Here, we report patterns and drivers of soil physico‐chemical properties and their role in shaping the plant diversity on mountain summits of the Himalaya. Using the globally standardized Multi‐Summit Approach, four summits along an elevation gradient from treeline to nival zone were selected in Kashmir Himalaya. Sampling of the summits was carried out to collect soil samples together with vegetation data and soil temperature. The results revealed that there is a significant effect of elevation and aspect on soil physico‐chemical properties and species richness on the summits. A significant correlation was observed between soil parameters and elevation, indicating that summits with distinct pool of species possess distinct soil properties. Moreover, soil temperature clearly determined the aspect‐wise distribution of soil parameters and species richness. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that elevation, soil temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and C:N ratio were more prominent in determining the plant diversity on summits. Our results demonstrate that mosaic of micro‐climatic conditions driven by elevation and aspect favor a suite of soil properties, which in turn determine the patterns of species diversity on the mountain summits. The present study, therefore, enhances understanding of the spatial patterns of variation in soil and plant diversity of mountain summits, which will help to monitor, model and predict how these ecologically unique ecosystems will respond to climate warming in the Himalaya, with implications for such environments elsewhere.
中文翻译：
海拔和坡向决定喜马拉雅山山顶土壤特性和植物物种多样性的差异
虽然植被一直是最近关于山峰研究的焦点，很少有人知道小-土壤物理尺度空间格局-化学性质。在这里，我们报告的土壤物理模式和驱动程序-化学性能，而且在塑造上的喜马拉雅山脉峰会的植物多样性的作用。使用全球统一的多-峰会的做法，在克什米尔喜马拉雅选择沿树线到终年积雪区不同海拔高度4次首脑会议。进行山顶采样以收集土壤样本以及植被数据和土壤温度。结果表明，有海拔，坡向对土壤理化一个显著的效果-峰顶的化学性质和物种丰富度。在土壤参数和海拔之间观察到显着的相关性，表明具有不同物种库的山顶具有独特的土壤特性。此外，土壤温度明确确定的方面-土壤参数和物种丰富的明智分布。典范对应分析表明，海拔，土壤温度，pH，电导率和C：N比在确定山顶植物多样性方面更为突出。我们的结果表明，微-由海拔和坡度驱动的气候条件有利于一系列土壤特性，而土壤特性反过来又决定了山顶物种多样性的格局。因此，本研究增进了对山顶土壤和植物多样性变化的空间格局的了解，这将有助于监测，建模和预测这些独特的生态系统将如何对喜马拉雅山的气候变暖作出反应，并对此产生影响。其他环境。
更新日期：2021-03-11
中文翻译：
海拔和坡向决定喜马拉雅山山顶土壤特性和植物物种多样性的差异
虽然植被一直是最近关于山峰研究的焦点，很少有人知道小-土壤物理尺度空间格局-化学性质。在这里，我们报告的土壤物理模式和驱动程序-化学性能，而且在塑造上的喜马拉雅山脉峰会的植物多样性的作用。使用全球统一的多-峰会的做法，在克什米尔喜马拉雅选择沿树线到终年积雪区不同海拔高度4次首脑会议。进行山顶采样以收集土壤样本以及植被数据和土壤温度。结果表明，有海拔，坡向对土壤理化一个显著的效果-峰顶的化学性质和物种丰富度。在土壤参数和海拔之间观察到显着的相关性，表明具有不同物种库的山顶具有独特的土壤特性。此外，土壤温度明确确定的方面-土壤参数和物种丰富的明智分布。典范对应分析表明，海拔，土壤温度，pH，电导率和C：N比在确定山顶植物多样性方面更为突出。我们的结果表明，微-由海拔和坡度驱动的气候条件有利于一系列土壤特性，而土壤特性反过来又决定了山顶物种多样性的格局。因此，本研究增进了对山顶土壤和植物多样性变化的空间格局的了解，这将有助于监测，建模和预测这些独特的生态系统将如何对喜马拉雅山的气候变暖作出反应，并对此产生影响。其他环境。
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