Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with brain cortex surface area in children. However, the extent to which childhood SES is prospectively associated with brain morphometry in adulthood is unclear. We tested whether childhood SES (income-to-needs ratio averaged across ages 9, 13, and 17) is prospectively associated with cortical surface morphometry in adulthood. Average childhood income-to-needs ratio had a positive, prospective association with cortical thickness in adulthood in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and caudal middle frontal gyrus (p < .05, FWE corrected). Childhood income-to-needs ratio also had a positive, prospective association with cortical surface area in adulthood in multiple regions, including the rostral and caudal middle frontal gyri and superior frontal gyrus (p < .05, FWE corrected). Concurrent income-to-needs ratio (measured at age 24) was not associated with cortical thickness or surface area in adulthood. The results underscore the importance of addressing poverty in childhood for brain morphological development.

中文翻译：

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儿童社会经济地位与成年期表面形态学前瞻性相关

儿童社会经济地位 (SES) 与儿童大脑皮层表面积有关。然而，儿童 SES 在多大程度上与成年期大脑形态计量学有前瞻性关联尚不清楚。我们测试了儿童 SES（9 岁、13 岁和 17 岁的平均收入与需求之比）是否与成年期皮质表面形态计量学相关。儿童期平均收入需求比与成年期中央前回、中央后回和额中尾回皮质厚度呈正相关，前瞻性相关（p < .05，FWE 校正）。童年收入需求比也与成年期多个区域的皮质表面积呈正相关，前瞻性相关，包括额中回和尾回以及额上回（p < .05，FWE 校正）  。并发收入需求比（在 24 岁时测量）与成年期的皮质厚度或表面积无关。结果强调了解决童年贫困问题对大脑形态发育的重要性。