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Individual energy dynamics reveal nonlinear interaction of stressors threatening migratory fish populations
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13751 Perla Catalina Chaparro-Pedraza 1, 2 , André M de Roos 1, 3
中文翻译：
个体能量动态揭示了威胁洄游鱼类种群的压力源的非线性相互作用
更新日期：2021-03-08
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13751 Perla Catalina Chaparro-Pedraza 1, 2 , André M de Roos 1, 3
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- Migratory fish populations, like salmon, have dramatically declined for decades. Because of their extensive and energetically costly breeding migration, anadromous fish are sensitive to a variety of environmental stressors, in particular infrastructure building in freshwater streams that increases the energetic requirements of the breeding migration and food declines in the ocean.
- While the effects of these stressors separately are well documented, the cumulative and interactive impacts of them are poorly understood.
- Here, we use a bioenergetics model recently developed for fish life history to investigate the individual life history and population responses to these stressors combined.
- We find that food decline in the ocean can mitigate rather than exacerbate the negative effect of elevated migration costs imposed by infrastructure building in streams. This counterintuitive effect results from the highly nonlinear manner in which these stressors interact and affect the individual energetics. In particular, this effect arises from the fact that individuals growing in the ocean under higher food conditions reach larger sizes with concomitant larger migration costs but are leaner. As a consequence of their lower energy densities, they spend most of their energy reserves to transport their body upstream when migration costs are high, and little is left for reproduction, resulting in lower individual fitness.
- Our results highlight the need of a mechanistic understanding integrating individual energetics, life history and population dynamics to accurately assess biological consequences of environmental change.
中文翻译：
个体能量动态揭示了威胁洄游鱼类种群的压力源的非线性相互作用
- 几十年来，鲑鱼等洄游鱼类的数量急剧下降。由于其广泛且耗能巨大的繁殖迁徙，溯河产卵鱼类对各种环境压力都很敏感，特别是淡水溪流中的基础设施建设增加了繁殖迁徙的能量需求和海洋中食物的减少。
- 虽然这些压力源的单独影响已有详细记录，但人们对它们的累积和交互影响却知之甚少。
- 在这里，我们使用最近为鱼类生活史开发的生物能学模型来研究个体生活史和种群对这些压力源的综合反应。
- 我们发现，海洋中的食物减少可以减轻而不是加剧溪流中基础设施建设造成的移民成本上升的负面影响。这种违反直觉的效应是由这些压力源相互作用并影响个体能量的高度非线性方式造成的。特别是，这种效应是由于以下事实造成的：在较高食物条件下在海洋中生长的个体体型更大，随之而来的是更大的迁移成本，但也更瘦。由于能量密度较低，当迁徙成本较高时，它们会花费大部分能量储备将身体向上游运送，几乎没有留下用于繁殖的能量，导致个体适应性较低。
- 我们的结果强调需要对个体能量学、生活史和种群动态进行整合的机械理解，以准确评估环境变化的生物学后果。
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