Black holes play a very prominent role in nowadays physics. For the discovery of a supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy and for the theoretical description of black holes, the three physicists Reinhard Genzel, Andrea Ghez and Roger Penrose were honored by the Physics Nobel Prize of the year 2020. However, black holes are still very mysterious objects, both seen from theoretical, fundamental physics and concerning their role in astrophysics and the evolution of the Universe. There are several key questions: What is the quantum nature of black holes? In particular can one derive, possibly based on the holographic principle, a quantum description of black holes that provides a clue to the black hole information puzzle? New calculations of the so‐called Page‐curve, which describes the entropy of a decaying black hole, including the contribution of entanglement islands and gravitational wormholes opened up a promising avenue in the better understanding of Hawking radiation. Black holes and black hole decays also play a very prominent role in the ongoing swampland discussion about quantum gravity. Furthermore, can primordial black holes serve as viable dark matter candidates?

We expect that the field black holes and their interrelation to quantum information, astrophysics and cosmology will further evolve during the next years and will give further new insights into the quantum nature of black holes and their role in the evolution of the universe.

I wish all authors and readers of "Fortschritte der Physik” a happy and successful new year 2021.

黑洞在当今物理学中起着非常重要的作用。由于在我们银河系中心发现了一个超大质量黑洞，并且对黑洞进行了理论描述，三位物理学家莱因哈德·根泽尔（Reinhard Genzel），安德里亚·格兹（Andrea Ghez）和罗杰·彭罗斯（Roger Penrose）被授予2020年诺贝尔物理学奖。从理论，基础物理学以及它们在天体物理学和宇宙进化中的作用来看，它们仍然是非常神秘的物体。有几个关键问题：黑洞的量子性质是什么？特别是，是否可以基于全息原理来得出黑洞的量子描述，从而为黑洞信息难题提供线索？所谓的Page曲线的新计算，它描述了一个衰减的黑洞的熵，包括纠缠岛和引力虫洞的影响，为更好地了解霍金辐射开辟了一条有希望的途径。黑洞和黑洞衰变在正在进行的有关量子引力的沼泽地讨论中也起着非常重要的作用。此外，原始黑洞是否可以作为可行的暗物质候选者？

我们预计，黑洞及其与量子信息，天体物理学和宇宙学的相互关系将在未来几年内进一步发展，并将为黑洞的量子性质及其在宇宙演化中的作用提供新的见解。

祝《物理堡垒》的所有作者和读者新年快乐，并祝愿2021年新年快乐。