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Does fluctuating asymmetry of wing traits capture relative environmental stress in a lepidopteran?
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7097 Cole Symanski 1, 2 , Richard A Redak 1
中文翻译：
翅膀特征的波动不对称性是否捕获了鳞翅目动物的相对环境压力？
更新日期：2021-02-05
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7097 Cole Symanski 1, 2 , Richard A Redak 1
Affiliation
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- Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is hypothesized to be a useful predictor of population canalization, especially for organisms at risk from environmental change.
- Identification of traits that meet statistical criteria as FA measures remains a challenge.
- Here, a laboratory experiment subjected immature butterflies (Vanessa cardui) to diet and temperature conditions of varying stress levels. Variation in dietary macronutrient ratio (protein: carbohydrate) and rearing temperature (optimal: 25°C; elevated: 32°C) was introduced as stressors. Temperature and nutrition are key variables influencing ectotherm growth and fitness and so are likely to be important stressors that influence FA.
- Individuals subjected to stressful conditions were predicted to show elevated FA of three wing size traits, as well as increased mortality and decreased adult body size.
- Trait FA did not vary across treatments. Instead, treatment levels impacted viability: The combined incidence of pupal death and expression of significant wing malformations increased in treatment levels designated as stressful. Variation in adult dry mass also reflected predicted stress levels. Results suggest that individuals predicted to display increased FA either died or displayed gross developmental aberrations.
- This experiment illustrates important constraints on the investigation of FA, including selection of appropriate traits and identification of appropriate levels of stressors to avoid elevated mortality. The latter concern brings into question the utility of FA as an indicator of stress in vulnerable, natural populations, where stress levels cannot be controlled, and mortality and fitness effects are often not quantifiable.
中文翻译：
翅膀特征的波动不对称性是否捕获了鳞翅目动物的相对环境压力？
波动不对称（FA）被认为是种群运河化的有用预测因子，特别是对于面临环境变化风险的生物体。
识别符合统计标准的特征作为 FA 测量仍然是一个挑战。
在这里，一项实验室实验让未成熟的蝴蝶（凡妮莎·卡迪）承受不同压力水平的饮食和温度条件。日粮大量营养素比例（蛋白质：碳水化合物）和饲养温度（最佳：25°C；升高：32°C）的变化被引入作为压力源。温度和营养是影响变温动物生长和适应性的关键变量，因此可能是影响 FA 的重要压力源。
经受压力条件的个体预计会表现出三个翅膀尺寸特征的 FA 升高，以及死亡率增加和成年体型减小。
性状 FA 在不同处理之间没有变化。相反，治疗水平影响了生存能力：在指定为应激的治疗水平下，蛹死亡和显着翅膀畸形表现的综合发生率增加。成人干重的变化也反映了预测的压力水平。结果表明，预计 FA 增加的个体要么死亡，要么表现出严重的发育异常。
该实验说明了 FA 研究的重要限制，包括选择适当的性状和识别适当水平的应激源以避免死亡率升高。后一种担忧使人们对 FA 作为脆弱自然群体压力指标的效用产生了质疑，这些群体的压力水平无法控制，死亡率和健康影响往往无法量化。
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