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Cardiovascular Complications of Opioid Use
Journal of the American College of Cardiology ( IF 21.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.002
Mori J Krantz 1 , Robert B Palmer 2 , Mark C P Haigney 3
Affiliation  

Opioids are the most potent of all analgesics. Although traditionally used solely for acute self-limited conditions and palliation of severe cancer-associated pain, a movement to promote subjective pain (scale, 0 to 10) to the status of a "fifth vital sign" bolstered widespread prescribing for chronic, noncancer pain. This, coupled with rising misuse, initiated a surge in unintentional deaths, increased drug-associated acute coronary syndrome, and endocarditis. In response, the American College of Cardiology issued a call to action for cardiovascular care teams. Opioid toxicity is primarily mediated via potent μ-receptor agonism resulting in ventilatory depression. However, both overdose and opioid withdrawal can trigger major adverse cardiovascular events resulting from hemodynamic, vascular, and proarrhythmic/electrophysiological consequences. Although natural opioid analogues are devoid of repolarization effects, synthetic agents may be proarrhythmic. This perspective explores cardiovascular consequences of opioids, the contributions of off-target electrophysiologic properties to mortality, and provides practical safety recommendations.

中文翻译:

阿片类药物使用的心血管并发症

阿片类药物是所有镇痛药中最有效的。尽管传统上仅用于急性自限性疾病和缓解严重的癌症相关疼痛,但将主观疼痛(量表,0 到 10)提升为“第五生命体征”状态的运动支持了慢性非癌症疼痛的广泛处方. 这与滥用的增加相结合,引发了意外死亡的激增、与药物相关的急性冠状动脉综合征和心内膜炎的增加。作为回应,美国心脏病学会发出了心血管护理团队的行动呼吁。阿片类药物毒性主要通过强效 μ 受体激动作用介导,导致通气抑制。然而,过量和阿片类药物戒断都会引发由血流动力学、血管、和致心律失常/电生理后果。尽管天然阿片类似物没有复极化作用,但合成药物可能是促心律失常的。这一观点探讨了阿片类药物的心血管后果、脱靶电生理特性对死亡率的影响,并提供了实用的安全建议。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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