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1,5-Naphthalene disulfonate stability and breakdown kinetics in aqueous solutions under geothermal conditions
Geothermics ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2020.102038
Lucjan Sajkowski , Terry M. Seward , Bruce W. Mountain , Leszek Marynowski

Naphthalene disulfonate solutions have been frequently injected into active geothermal reservoirs and their subsequent detection (“recovery”) in nearby wells/bore holes used as an indicator of well connectivity. 1,5-naphthalene disulfonate (1,5-NDS) has been employed as model compound to investigate the thermal breakdown rates and reaction pathways of naphthalene disulfonates and naphthalene sulfonates in oxygen-free sodium chloride solutions at elevated temperatures. Two series of experiments were conducted using quartz glass ampoules. The first series focused on the 1,5-NDS breakdown rate in and different salt solutions (i.e. NaCl +/- Na2SO4, NaHS/H2S and FeS2) at saturated vapour pressure at 250, 270 and 300 °C. The second series focused on 1,5-NDS breakdown between 200 and 300 °C, for one, two and three weeks at each temperature. Results show that 1,5-NDS breakdown is temperature-dependent and generates mixture of products. At 200 °C, 1,5-NDS breakdown forms mainly 1-naphthalene sulfonate (1-NSA), whereas above 250 °C, 1,5-NDS generated significant amounts of naphthalene (NAP). NAP remains stable at experimental conditions.



中文翻译:

1,5-萘二磺酸盐在地热条件下的稳定性和分解动力学

萘二磺酸盐溶液经常被注入活跃的地热储层中,并且随后在附近的井/钻孔中对其进行检测(“回收”),以此作为井连通性的指标。1,5-萘二磺酸盐(1,5-NDS)已用作模型化合物,研究了萘二磺酸盐和萘磺酸盐在无氧氯化钠溶液中在高温下的热分解速率和反应途径。使用石英玻璃安瓿瓶进行了两个系列的实验。第一个系列关注于在不同盐溶液(即NaCl +/- Na 2 SO 4,NaHS / H 2 S和FeS 2)中的1,5-NDS分解速率)在250、270和300°C的饱和蒸气压下。第二个系列的重点是200和300°C之间的1,5-NDS分解,每个温度下持续1、2和3周。结果表明,1,5-NDS分解是温度依赖性的,并生成产物混合物。在200°C,1,5-NDS分解主要形成1-萘磺酸盐(1-NSA),而在250°C以上,1,5-NDS生成大量萘(NAP)。NAP在实验条件下保持稳定。

更新日期:2021-01-12
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