The discovery of novel neurohormones is important for the advancement of neuroendocrinology. In early 1970s, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a hypothalamic neuropeptide that promotes gonadotropin release, was identified to be an endogenous neurohormone in mammals. In 2000, thirty years later, another hypothalamic neuropeptide, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), that inhibits gonadotropin release, was found in quail. GnIH acts via GPR147 and inhibits gonadotropin release and synthesis and reproductive function in birds through actions on GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus and pituitary gonadotrophs. Later, GnIH was found in other vertebrates including humans. GnIH studies have advanced the progress of reproductive neuroendocrinology. Furthermore, recent GnIH studies have indicated that abnormal changes in GnIH expression may cause pubertal disorder and reproductive dysfunction. Here, we describe GnIH discovery and its impact on the progress of reproductive neuroendocrinology. This review also highlights advancement and perspective of GnIH studies on drug development for pubertal disorder and reproductive dysfunction. (149/150).

中文翻译：

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促性腺激素抑制激素 (GnIH)：一种控制生殖生理和行为的新关键神经激素

新型神经激素的发现对于神经内分泌学的进步具有重要意义。在 1970 年代初期，促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH)，一种促进促性腺激素释放的下丘脑神经肽，被确定为哺乳动物的内源性神经激素。30 年后的 2000 年，在鹌鹑中发现了另一种下丘脑神经肽，促性腺激素抑制激素 (GnIH)，它抑制促性腺激素的释放。GnIH 通过 GPR147 起作用并通过对下丘脑和垂体促性腺激素中的 GnRH 神经元的作用抑制鸟类的促性腺激素释放和合成以及生殖功能。后来，在包括人类在内的其他脊椎动物中发现了 GnIH。GnIH 研究推动了生殖神经内分泌学的进步。此外，最近的 GnIH 研究表明 GnIH 表达的异常变化可能导致青春期障碍和生殖功能障碍。在这里，我们描述了 GnIH 的发现及其对生殖神经内分泌学进展的影响。本综述还强调了 GnIH 研究在青春期障碍和生殖功能障碍药物开发方面的进展和前景。(149/150)。