Climate warming has widely variable effects on terrestrial ecosystems, and warming-induced changes in soil erosion could accelerate or slow down future warming. Numerous methods and models have been developed to evaluate soil erosion. However, the quantification of the impact of climate change on soil erosion and selection of the most appropriate soil erosion model for a particular study area remain unclear. With the intensification of climate warming, solutions to these problems are becoming increasingly more important. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of research on global soil erosion to verify the effects of climate warming on soil erosion. Four databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed publications from 1980 to 2019 using five keywords. The results showed that soil erosion has increased worldwide, mainly in semiarid areas (p < 0.001). While soil erosion has decreased at high latitudes, it has increased at middle and low latitudes. Different soil erosion models provided significantly different simulation results. Among various models, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Wind Erosion Equation models showed the highest simulation accuracies for water erosion (p < 0.001) and wind erosion (p < 0.05), respectively. At present, the factors driving soil erosion under climate warming remain highly uncertain. In addition, differences in underlying surfaces and the number of study samples also affect soil erosion assessments. In the future, interactions between climate warming and soil erosion (especially in wind erosion models) should be studied in more detail, and the relationship between the UN Sustainable Development Goals and soil erosion should be further considered.

气候变暖对陆地生态系统具有广泛的影响，变暖引起的土壤侵蚀变化可能会加速或减缓未来的变暖。已经开发了许多方法和模型来评估土壤侵蚀。但是，对于特定研究区域，气候变化对土壤侵蚀的影响的量化以及最合适的土壤侵蚀模型的选择仍不清楚。随着气候变暖的加剧，解决这些问题变得越来越重要。在这项研究中，我们对全球土壤侵蚀的研究进行了荟萃分析，以验证气候变暖对土壤侵蚀的影响。使用五个关键字在四个数据库中搜索了1980年至2019年相关的同行评审出版物。结果表明，全球土壤侵蚀增加，主要是在半干旱地区（p  <0.001）。虽然高海拔地区的土壤侵蚀有所减少，但中低纬度地区的土壤侵蚀却有所增加。不同的土壤侵蚀模型提供的模拟结果明显不同。在各种模型中，修订后的通用土壤流失方程和风蚀方程模型显示了水蚀（p  <0.001）和风蚀（p <0.05）。目前，在气候变暖下导致土壤侵蚀的因素仍然非常不确定。此外，底层表面的差异和研究样品的数量也会影响土壤侵蚀评估。将来，应更详细地研究气候变暖与土壤侵蚀之间的相互作用（尤其是在风蚀模型中），并应进一步考虑联合国可持续发展目标与土壤侵蚀之间的关系。