We examined the potency of resin nanoparticles (NPs) to induce cell mortality in diverse non-green algal species (e.g., species in SAR and Hacrobia clades) and the difference in sensitivity to NPs among the species. In total, 18 non-green algal species were co-incubated with laboratory-prepared NPs (mean diameter, 180 nm) composed of poly (isobutylcyanoacrylate) resin NPs (iBCA-NPs).

Exposure to 100 mg L⁻¹ iBCA-NPs for 24 h induced cell death in two of three Bacillariophyceae species, all three Cryptophyceae species, four of six Dinophyta species, three of four Haptophyta strains, and all three Raphidophyceae species. However, exposure at an increased concentration of 1 g L⁻¹ induced cell death in all the examined species. Observation of NP trails showed that they occasionally collided with the cells and bounced off but did not adhere to the cell surface. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine substantially delayed cell death induction. This finding strongly suggests that ROS generation is a direct cause of induced cell death.

The cells of Raphidophyceae species that lack covering structures and a Haptophyta strain bearing no coccoliths were more sensitive than species bearing covering structures. Moreover, iBCA-NPs pre-coated with bovine serum albumin or skim milk had severely reduced cell death-inducing potency. We propose a hypothetical mechanism of cell death induction by iBCA-NPs in a wide range of algal species, focusing on cell covering structures and ROS generation.

我们检查了树脂纳米颗粒（NPs）在多种非绿色藻类物种（例如SAR和Hacrobia进化枝中的物种）中诱导细胞死亡的能力以及物种之间对NPs敏感性的差异。总共将18种非绿色藻类物种与由实验室制备的，由聚（异氰酸氰基丙烯酸酯）树脂NP（iBCA-NP）组成的NP（平均直径为180 nm）共同孵育。

曝光至100毫克的L ^-1誉纳米粒在两个三的24小时诱导的细胞死亡硅藻物种，所有三个Cryptophyceae物种，六个甲藻物种，三四个定鞭藻门的菌株，并且所有三个4 Raphidophyceae物种。但是，在所有检查的物种中，浓度增加至1 g L ^-1的暴露都会引起细胞死亡。对NP痕迹的观察表明，它们偶尔会与细胞碰撞并反弹，但没有粘附在细胞表面。活性氧（ROS）清除剂N-乙酰基-L-半胱氨酸大大延迟了细胞死亡的诱导。这一发现强烈表明ROS的产生是诱导细胞死亡的直接原因。

缺乏覆盖结构的裸藻科物种的细胞和不带有球囊藻的七倍体菌株比具有覆盖结构的物种更敏感。此外，预先涂有牛血清白蛋白或脱脂乳的iBCA-NPs大大降低了诱导细胞死亡的能力。我们提出了iBCA-NPs在多种藻类中诱导细胞死亡的假想机制，重点是细胞覆盖结构和ROS生成。