A compact open-ended substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna based on composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) and unequal U-shaped slots for extended impedance bandwidth (IBW) and improved gain for Ku-band application is illustrated in this work. The proposed antenna comprises a CRLH-TL, which is composed of two inter-digital spiral-shaped capacitors placed on the top metal patch, which serves as series capacitor. Further, periodic metallic vias placed at the sidewalls, which act as shunt inductor for realizing the left-handed nature of CRLH-TL. To extend the antenna IBW performance, two unequal size U-shaped slots are placed at the middle of the antenna ground plane. By parametric analysis, these U-shaped slots lengths and widths are optimized to provide extended IBW ranging from 11.88 GHz to 14.05 GHz (16.74%). The antenna also offers a maximum gain of 6.1 dBi with bi-directional radiation performance, and radiation efficiency better than 96.1% is obtained throughout the complete antenna operating band. Hence the proposed SIW antenna is suitable for Ku-band applications.

图示了一种紧凑的开放式衬底集成波导（SIW）天线，该天线基于复合右手/左手传输线（CRLH-TL）和不等的U形缝隙，用于扩展阻抗带宽（IBW）和改善的增益，适用于Ku频段应用在这项工作中。拟议的天线包括一个CRLH-TL，它由两个放在顶部金属贴片上的数字叉形螺旋形电容器组成，该电容器用作串联电容器。此外，放置在侧壁上的周期性金属过孔用作分路电感器，以实现CRLH-TL的左手特性。为了扩展天线的IBW性能，在天线接地平面的中间放置了两个大小不等的U形槽。通过参数分析，优化了这些U形槽的长度和宽度，以提供从11.88 GHz到14.05 GHz（16.74％）的扩展IBW。该天线还具有双向辐射性能，最大增益为6.1 dBi，在整个天线工作频带内，辐射效率均优于96.1％。因此，所提出的SIW天线适合于Ku波段应用。