Metal oxides, which are known as the active phase with acid–base and redox properties, exhibited relatively good performance in catalytic cracking of vegetable oil for green fuel production. Incorporation of metal oxide to the catalyst’s base altered its selectivity for the reaction pathways to produce ranges of hydrocarbons in diesel, kerosene and gasoline fuel fractions. This paper reviews the influence of metal oxide-based catalysts in catalytic cracking of vegetable oil and the role of metal oxides on its catalyst activity. The relationship between the metal oxides’ acid/base properties and the selectivity of the catalyst towards the reaction route and product yield was discussed. The impact of the factors such as catalyst or metal loading, contact time and temperature on the reaction efficiency and product properties were also included in the discussion.

中文翻译：

---

植物油催化裂化中金属氧化物催化剂的酸碱性

金属氧化物被称为具有酸碱和氧化还原特性的活性相，在用于绿色燃料生产的植物油催化裂化中表现出较好的性能。将金属氧化物掺入催化剂的碱中改变了其对反应途径的选择性，以在柴油、煤油和汽油燃料馏分中生产一系列碳氢化合物。本文综述了金属氧化物基催化剂在植物油催化裂化中的影响以及金属氧化物对其催化剂活性的作用。讨论了金属氧化物的酸/碱性质与催化剂对反应路线和产物收率的选择性之间的关系。催化剂或金属负载量等因素的影响，