Incompatibility in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is sporophytic and under the control of a single locus on linkage group 5 between markers G05-510 and AU02-1350. In this study, two rounds of marker development and a population of 192 seedlings with known S-alleles that showed recombination between the flanking markers were used for fine mapping. Using the sequences of random amplified polymorphic DNA and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences, 36 contigs from the genome sequence of “Jefferson” hazelnut were identified for pursuit. Di-nucleotide SSR markers in those contigs were developed, characterized, and mapped. This reduced the size to a region of 500 kb that contained the S-locus and 50 predicted genes, in which single-nucleotide polymorphism and additional SSR markers were developed. When the new markers were used in fine mapping, they fully exploited all recombination in the fine mapping population and reduced the region to 193.5 kb containing 18 genes. This 193.5-kb region most likely contains the S₁ haplotype. A second region, 2 Mbp away from the first in the “Jefferson” genome (V3), is predicted to represent the S₃ haplotype based on SSR marker allele sizes and the ratio of parental reads that align to them. Although they appear side-by-side in the “Jefferson” genome (V3), the mapped markers appear in both sequences in the same order. Gene annotations in the S₁ and S₃ haplotypes are highly similar and include five probable leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases with homology to Arabidopsis thaliana genes At1g35710 and three probable receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinases with homology to At5g15080 (PIX7).

欧洲榛子（榛子油）的不相容性L.）是孢子体的并且在标记G05-510和AU02-1350之间的连接基团5上的单个基因座的控制下。在这项研究中，使用了两轮标记发育和192个带有已知S等位基因的幼苗种群，这些幼苗显示了侧翼标记之间的重组，用于精细定位。利用随机扩增的多态性DNA序列和简单序列重复（SSR）标记以及细菌人工染色体末端序列，从“杰斐逊”榛子的基因组序列中鉴定出36个重叠群以供追踪。在那些重叠群中的二核苷酸SSR标记已被开发，表征和定位。这将大小减小到500 kb，其中包含S基因座和50个预测基因，在其中开发了单核苷酸多态性和其他SSR标记。当新标记用于精细映射时，他们充分利用了精细作图群体中的所有重组，并将该区域缩小至193.5 kb，其中包含18个基因。这个193.5-kb区域很可能包含S_1个单倍型。第二区域，2 Mbp的从“杰弗逊”基因组（V3）的第一走，被预测为表示在S ₃基于SSR标记等位基因大小和亲本的比率的单倍型读取对准它们。尽管它们在“杰斐逊”基因组（V3）中并排出现，但映射的标记以相同顺序出现在两个序列中。S ₁和S ₃单倍型的基因注释高度相似，包括与拟南芥基因At1g35710同源的五个可能的富含亮氨酸的重复受体样蛋白激酶和与At5g15080（PIX7）同源的三个可能的受体样丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶）。