Stem Cell Reviews and Reports ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10109-3 Elham Jamshidi 1, 2 , Amirhesam Babajani 1, 2 , Pegah Soltani 3 , Hassan Niknejad 1
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With the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the world has been facing an unprecedented challenge. Considering the lack of appropriate therapy for COVID-19, it is crucial to develop effective treatments instead of supportive approaches. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as multipotent stromal cells have been shown to possess treating potency through inhibiting or modulating the pathological events in COVID-19. MSCs and their exosomes participate in immunomodulation by controlling cell-mediated immunity and cytokine release. Furthermore, they repair the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) malfunction, increase alveolar fluid clearance, and reduce the chance of hypercoagulation. Besides the lung, which is the primary target of SARS-CoV-2, the heart, kidney, nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract are also affected by COVID-19. Thus, the efficacy of targeting these organs via different delivery routes of MSCs and their exosomes should be evaluated to ensure safe and effective MSCs administration in COVID-19. This review focuses on the proposed therapeutic mechanisms and delivery routes of MSCs and their exosomes to the damaged organs. It also discusses the possible application of primed and genetically modified MSCs as a promising drug delivery system in COVID-19. Moreover, the recent advances in the clinical trials of MSCs and MSCs-derived exosomes as one of the promising therapeutic approaches in COVID-19 have been reviewed.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
通过将间充质干细胞及其外泌体递送至受损器官来靶向 COVID-19 的拟议机制
随着新型严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的爆发，世界面临着前所未有的挑战。考虑到 COVID-19 缺乏适当的治疗方法，开发有效的治疗方法而不是支持性方法至关重要。间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 作为多能基质细胞已被证明通过抑制或调节 COVID-19 中的病理事件而具有治疗效力。间充质干细胞及其外泌体通过控制细胞介导的免疫和细胞因子释放参与免疫调节。此外，它们修复肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统 (RAAS) 功能障碍，增加肺泡液清除率，并减少高凝状态的机会。除了肺部是 SARS-CoV-2 的主要目标，心脏、肾脏、神经系统和胃肠道也受到 COVID-19 的影响。因此，应评估通过 MSCs 及其外泌体的不同递送途径靶向这些器官的功效，以确保在 COVID-19 中安全有效地施用 MSCs。本综述重点介绍了 MSCs 及其外泌体向受损器官的治疗机制和递送途径。它还讨论了在 COVID-19 中作为有前途的药物递送系统的已启动和转基因 MSCs 的可能应用。此外，还回顾了 MSCs 和 MSCs 衍生的外泌体作为 COVID-19 有前景的治疗方法之一的临床试验的最新进展。应评估通过 MSCs 及其外泌体的不同递送途径靶向这些器官的功效，以确保在 COVID-19 中安全有效地施用 MSCs。本综述重点介绍了 MSCs 及其外泌体向受损器官的治疗机制和递送途径。它还讨论了在 COVID-19 中作为有前途的药物递送系统的已启动和转基因 MSCs 的可能应用。此外，还回顾了 MSCs 和 MSCs 衍生的外泌体作为 COVID-19 有前景的治疗方法之一的临床试验的最新进展。应评估通过 MSCs 及其外泌体的不同递送途径靶向这些器官的功效，以确保在 COVID-19 中安全有效地施用 MSCs。本综述重点介绍了 MSCs 及其外泌体向受损器官的治疗机制和递送途径。它还讨论了在 COVID-19 中作为有前途的药物递送系统的已启动和转基因 MSCs 的可能应用。此外，还回顾了 MSCs 和 MSCs 衍生的外泌体作为 COVID-19 有前景的治疗方法之一的临床试验的最新进展。它还讨论了在 COVID-19 中作为有前途的药物递送系统的已启动和转基因 MSCs 的可能应用。此外，还回顾了 MSCs 和 MSCs 衍生的外泌体作为 COVID-19 有前景的治疗方法之一的临床试验的最新进展。它还讨论了在 COVID-19 中作为有前途的药物递送系统的已启动和转基因 MSCs 的可能应用。此外，还回顾了 MSCs 和 MSCs 衍生的外泌体作为 COVID-19 有前景的治疗方法之一的临床试验的最新进展。
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