We develop a framework of coupled transport equations for open heavy flavor and quarkonium states, in order to describe their transport inside the quark-gluon plasma. Our framework is capable of studying simultaneously both open and hidden heavy flavor observables in heavy-ion collision experiments and can account for both, uncorrelated and correlated recombination. Our recombination implementation depends on real-time open heavy quark and antiquark distributions. We carry out consistency tests to show how the interplay among open heavy flavor transport, quarkonium dissociation and recombination drives the system to equilibrium. We then apply our framework to study bottomonium production in heavy-ion collisions. We include ϒ(1 S ), ϒ(2 S ), ϒ(3 S ), χ b (1 P ) and χ b (2 P ) in the framework and take feed-down contributions during the hadronic gas stage into account. Cold nuclear matter effects are included by using nuclear parton distribution functions for the initial primordial heavy flavor production. A calibrated 2 + 1 dimensional viscous hydrodynamics is used to describe the bulk QCD medium. We calculate both the nuclear modification factor R AA of all bottomonia states and the azimuthal angular anisotropy coefficient v 2 of the ϒ(1 S ) state and find that our results agree reasonably with experimental measurements. Our calculations indicate that correlated cross-talk recombination is an important production mechanism of bottomonium in current heavy-ion experiments. The importance of correlated recombination can be tested experimentally by measuring the ratio of R AA ( χ b (1 P )) and R AA (ϒ(2 S )).

中文翻译：

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夸克-胶子等离子体中重夸克和夸克尼亚的耦合玻尔兹曼输运方程

我们开发了一个用于开放重味和夸克态的耦合输运方程框架，以描述它们在夸克-胶子等离子体中的输运。我们的框架能够在重离子碰撞实验中同时研究开放和隐藏的重味可观测值，并且可以解释不相关和相关的重组。我们的重组实现依赖于实时开放重夸克和反夸克分布。我们进行了一致性测试，以展示开放式重味传输、夸康离子解离和重组之间的相互作用如何推动系统达到平衡。然后，我们应用我们的框架来研究重离子碰撞中的底钍产生。我们包括 ϒ(1 S ), ϒ(2 S ), ϒ(3 S ), χ b (1 P ) 和 χ b (2 P ) 并考虑强子气阶段期间的馈入贡献。冷核物质效应包括在初始原始重味生产中使用核子分配函数。校准的 2 + 1 维粘性流体动力学用于描述散装 QCD 介质。我们计算了所有巴托尼亚状态的核修饰因子 R AA 和 ϒ(1 S ) 状态的方位角各向异性系数 v 2 ，发现我们的结果与实验测量结果相当一致。我们的计算表明，相关串扰复合是当前重离子实验中底部鎓的重要生产机制。