Purpose of Review

Porcine islet xenotransplantation is a promising alternative to overcome the shortage of organ donors. For the successful application of islet xenotransplantation, robust immune/inflammatory responses against porcine islets should be thoroughly controlled. Over the last few decades, there have been numerous attempts to surmount xenogeneic immune barriers. In this review, we summarize the current progress in immunomodulatory therapy for the clinical application of porcine islet xenotransplantation.

Recent Findings

Long-term graft survival of porcine islets was achieved by using anti-CD154 Ab-based regimens in a preclinical non-human primate (NHP) model. However, owing to a serious complication of thromboembolism in clinical trials, the development of an anti-CD154 Ab-sparing immunosuppressant procedure is required. The efficacy of new immunosuppressive practices that employ anti-CD40 Abs or other immunosuppressive reagents has been tested in a NHP model to realize their utility in porcine islet xenotransplantation.

Summary

The recent progress in the development of immunomodulatory approaches, including the immunosuppressive regimen, which enables long-term graft survival in a pig-to-non-human primate islet xenotransplantation model, with their potential clinical applicability was reviewed.

中文翻译：

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猪胰岛异种移植的新型免疫调节方法

审查目的

猪胰岛异种移植是克服器官供体短缺的一种有前途的替代方法。为了成功应用胰岛异种移植，应彻底控制针对猪胰岛的强大免疫/炎症反应。在过去的几十年中，已经进行了许多尝试来克服异种免疫屏障。在这篇综述中，我们总结了猪胰岛异种移植临床应用中免疫调节治疗的最新进展。

最近的发现

通过在临床前非人类灵长类动物（NHP）模型中使用基于抗CD154 Ab的方案，可以实现猪胰岛的长期移植存活。然而，由于在临床试验中血栓栓塞的严重并发症，需要开发一种抗CD154保留抗体的免疫抑制剂。已在NHP模型中测试了使用抗CD40 Abs或其他免疫抑制试剂的新免疫抑制方法的功效，以实现其在猪胰岛异种移植中的效用​​。

概要

综述了包括免疫抑制方案在内的免疫调节方法的最新进展，该方法可在猪到非人的灵长类动物胰岛异种移植模型中实现长期移植存活，并具有潜在的临床适用性。