Long-term in vivo monitoring of chemicals with implanted sensors has received considerable interests over the past decades owing to their significant contributions in reflecting health conditions and assistance in diagnosing diseases. However, the widely explored chemical sensors outside the body fail to meet the requirements of in vivo applications. This perspective reviews main challenges, recent advances and future directions of long-term in vivo monitoring of chemicals, related to immune response and sensing performance. Challenges in terms of the immune response caused by unstable interfaces between sensors and tissues and improper implanting methods, and the insufficient performance of chemical sensors in complex physiological environment are discussed. Therewith, recent advances in fabricating biocompatible, flexible and thin sensors, developing effective implanting methods with reduced injury and improving the sensitivity, selectivity and stability of chemical sensors for accurate monitoring in vivo are summarized. Finally, we propose the future directions to address these challenges by fiber chemical sensors through the combination of soft fiber configuration, facile implanting methods and new recognition elements, which will provide new platforms for health monitoring and physiological mechanism revealing.

在过去的几十年中，由于植入物传感器在反映健康状况和协助疾病诊断方面做出了巨大贡献，因此对植入物进行化学物质的长期体内监测已经引起了广泛的关注。然而，在体外广泛研究的化学传感器不能满足体内应用的要求。该观点回顾了与免疫应答和传感性能有关的化学物质长期体内监测的主要挑战，最新进展和未来方向。讨论了由于传感器与组织之间的界面不稳定以及植入方法不当以及在复杂的生理环境中化学传感器的性能不足而引起的免疫应答方面的挑战。因此，在制造生物相容性，柔性和薄型传感器方面的最新进展，总结了开发有效的植入方法以减少伤害并提高化学传感器的灵敏度，选择性和稳定性，以进行准确的体内监测。最后，我们提出了通过将化学纤维传感器，软纤维配置，便捷的植入方法和新的识别元件相结合来应对纤维化学传感器应对这些挑战的未来方向，这将为健康监测和生理机制揭示提供新的平台。